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BUSINESS

Computers &
Technology

snEsi^^isjioisxaeEsa

Alameda

Newspaper I

Group I

SectionCJ

Sunday
Octobers, 1996

Byte by byte,
a San
Francisco
group is
attempting
to archive
the ever-
changing

and

expanding

Internet

hoping to create a

archive Web pages
that are no longer in
UM, such as the Phil
Ortmm for President
home page at right,
for future reference
by students and

"We're creating a backup of the Net,

a library of everybody's notes,

a big repository to help people ask

questions of what has gone on."

- Brewster Kahie

SAW FRANCISCO

Portions of the Internet are
disappearing before our
very eyes.
As qulcl<iy as Informa-
tion Is added, pieces are
eliminated World Wide Web pages
and newsgroups appear, then a{|
modified or deleted altogether.

Enter Brewster Kahle. a wide-eyed
entrepreneur from tlie Massachusetts
Institute of Technology with an ambi-
tious goal: to archive the entirety of
the Internet. He Is Intent on capturing
the Inlernefs early days — and many
days thereafter — for posterity And
eventually for profit

Kahle imagines the database,
which ultimately could dwarf the Li-
brary of Congress, will be of use to
students, scholars, historians — and
for ends he readily admits he hasn't
quite figured out The only thing he Is
certain of Is that an essenUal piece of
digital history is slipping away.

"When something On the Net dis-
appears. It's gone. When a first-

generation Web page Is gone. It's
gone Gone. gone. gone. " Kahle said.
We re creating a backup of the Net. a
library of everbody's notes, a big re-
pository to help people ask questions
of what has gone on."

The Internet Archive may eventu-
ally hold as much data as the Library
of Congress, but It certainly won't
take up as much space, por the time
being, the data will not even fUl a coat
room In the two-story white Victorian
In San Francisco's Presidio that the
Internet Archives calls home.

tapes no larger than video cassettes.
One tape holds between 35 and 70 gl-
glbvtes ol UiformaUon. 700 times
more than a standard Zip drive used
to back up the hard drive of a per-
sonal computer A waist high. 3-foQl •
wide "tape robot" holds 50 tapes that ;
can record roughly two terabytes of , ■
Information, one-tenth the text
volume of the Library of Congress.

Space concerns are far from [

Kahle's biggest challenge, however. ;
The major hurdles — very basic ones ,
that the Internet Archives has yet to
overcome — are how exacUy to collect
the data, and how to store It in such a
way thai It Is readily accessible.

They must also determine how
often they will have to comb the In-
ternet. A 1992 University of Colorado
study found that the average Web
page changes every 44 days. Prelimi-
nary research by the Internet

Please see I

.04

History: Group compiling record of Internet's early years

Continued from D 1

Archive showrd (ha( wllhin a inoiilh.
one fourth o( the Ima^rs on the hi-
teriiet chan^d.

"It's like calling all your friends,
asking what books lliey have, lior-
rowing them, copying Ihem and (lien
giving (hem bark." said Z Smith, dl-
rector of engineering for llic Archive,
describing the breadth of Ihe task

Then the challenge Is (o work this
so 'that everyone can get what thoy
want, when they want It," Smilli
aJUcd "Can you Imagine what you
h«V( lo do when a million people all
wan\ access to a dead file?"

"jkahle Intends the archive lo Include
fMjjt-, public Internet protocols: the
wftV Gopher, FTP and Netnews He
OgStts (hey presenUy account for 10
terabytes of data

For DOW. Kahle Is relying on dona-
tions of data to lay Ihe foundation for
hl# -e-Uionth-old endeavor For In-
stance, the search engine Open Text
has (^ijtrlbuled Its own snapshots of
the Web from July and August of 1996.

Ihe archive has riTclvcd CUKOMs
thai contain llsenci poslliigs Ironi
1992 and pan of 199:) and Ihcrc are
plans to gel similar posllngs from 19H0
lo 1990 Kahle Is working wllh Ihe San
Diego Sui)ercoinpnlor Center lo record
seven terabytes of historical data Ironi
the File Transler Protocol

The Web Is the faslcsl growing piece
and one Ihal the Inlernel Archives In-
(ends lo capture on lis own. II Is devel-
oping a crawler, much like those used
by search engines such as Alia VIsla. lo
comb Ihe Web and delect and record
changes lo pages.

One practical use for Ihe archive Is
already under way Kahle Is working
with the Smilhsonlans National Mu-
seum of American History to preserve
Web pages relating lo the 1996 presi-
dential election The pages already on
display Include some thai have been
deleted from Ihe Web, such as Ihe Iowa
Caucus home page,

Harry Rulienslcin, a specialist In po
llUcal history al Ihe National Museum
of American History, said ihe archive Is
signincani because It will capture the

liilaiK y (il Ihe Web Hi- i .lulloncd, how
ever, ihal II could turn oul the Web
docs not live up lo expectations as Ihe
Inlernel medium of Ihe future,

"Ms sorl of a gamble," Rubensleln
said. "Ms a great project and I ni glad
somebody Is doing II. Bui how II all
lurns oul we woni know for another
decade ■

Given their own histories. Kahle and
engineer Smith may be up lo Ihe chal-
lenge and entrepreneurial uncertainty
Kahle was Ihe creator of WAIS. or Wide
Area Information Servers, one ol Ihe
breakthrough search engines ol Ihe In-
ternet WAIS Is used lo search large da-
tabases and was widelv used before Ihe
adveni of Ihe World Wide Web.

America Online paid S15 million In
cash lor WAIS last year, a chunk ol
which went lo Kahle He has Invested
S400.000 of his earnings In Ihe In-
lernel Archive, and thus far Is the or-
ganl^atlons sole source of financial
support.

Smith came from Xerox Palo Alto
Research Center, where he was an en-

gineer fhere. he hel|M-d develop the
llrsi desktop fax/scanner/copler from
discarded parts.

Joining Kahle In founding Inlernel
Archive Is Bruce Gllllal. Ihe former
business manager from WAIS Gllllal
was credited with helping turn Kahle s
Ideas Into tangible, prolllable concepts

Smith and Kahle have a history to-
gether as well The were colleagues In
the early 1980s al MIT They met as
fellow members of the staff of Link, a
sludenl newspaper beni on undoing
Ihe Reagan-era military Industrial com-
plex and finding more productive uses
lor Ihe technology

Smith said the 35 year-old Kahle
seeks lo be wacky and to have fun at
all times "When one sees Brewsler.
one Is reminded Ihal human evolution
Is the process of making childhood last
longer and longer." Smilh said

One IndlcaUon of Kahle s style Is his
taste In ofllces Thinking Machines, a
multimillion-dollar supercomputer
business he helped found after gradu
allng from MIT. was housed In a Vlclo-
rlan house. So was WAIS In Menio

Park, and Inlernel Archives la Ihe Pre-
sidio

"II sets a lone Uial we re a family."
said Kahle.

lllllmalely. Kahle ex()ecls Inlernel
Archive lo turn a profll. and polenllally
a big one lleres how He thinks
people may pay for access lo records,
and he also llilnks corporations will
pay for technology Ihal helps Uiem
create Iheir own backup systems of
(heir dala.

For Ihe lime being, he's happy (o (
creale a history of Ihe early Internet be- '
fore II disappears So what does he
think Ihe historians will find when they
examine these ephemeral pages?

"This period ol the Web Is encom-
passing peoples dreams of a new tech-
nology." he said "We see Ideas of a
better life, (houglils like, my book will
finally gel published on Ihe Nel or 1
may finally gel enough allenllon lo gel

Then II will move Into a mature
phase and find Us niche, he added.
Bul by then this will be Ihe early
Web and we don 1 want lo lose 11 "

Digitized by tlie Internet Arciiive
in 2013

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Slate

http://www.slate.com/Conccpiy96-07- 1 5/Concept.a.s

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The Art of Losing

Why forgetting everything that
ever appeared on the Web
wouldn't be a disaster.

BY DAVID BERREBY

(J.323 words; posted Monday, July 15; to be

composted Tuesday, July 23)

No writer has captured the strangeness and
melancholy of life on the Internet better
than Jorge Luis Borges. In stories written
decades before the Net was conceivable, he
wrote of a book that contained all possible
outcomes of any action ("The Garden of
Forking Paths"), a library that contains all
possible books ("The Library at Babel"), a
man who cannot forget a single thing he's
ever seen or heard ("Funes the
Memorious"), a map so accurate that it
completely covers the kingdom it describes
("Of Exactitude in Science"), and a country
where there is no plagiarism, because all
books are considered the work of a single
author, who is everyone ("Tlon, Uqbar,
Orbis Tertius"). In all these works, along
with the philosophical ingenuity and wit is
an almost suffocating sense of being
trapped under glass in an intellectual
hothouse with no way out into the sun.
Funes dies at 19, seemingly as old as a
pyramid. The librarians of Babel have their
ranks thinned by illness and suicide.

of5

mn/Qf, M-m PV1

Slate

http://www.slutc.com/ConccpL/96-07- 1 5/Concept

ranks thinned by illness and suicide.

Brewster Kahle has been reading Borges of late,
which is appropriate, because last March, Kahle
started a project that could, if taken to its logical
extreme, maJce the world a more Borgesian place.
Kahle heads a nonprofit organization called the
Internet Archive. Its mission: to preserve every last
bit ever posted on the World Wide Web, in Internet
newsgroups, or made available through gophers. "A
copy of every bit will be maintained by a charitable
trust, fimded to a level that assures that the bits will
never die," he says. "Which means that every 10
years or so we'll have to translate it all into a new
format, to preserve it in accessible form." Doing so,
he says, is surprisingly practical and cheap. The
entire Internet, all its text and video and audio,
takes up from one to 10 terabytes of code. (A
terabyte is a million megabytes, which would fit on
2,000 500 MB hard drives.) That means even the
biggest estimates on the size of the Net make it
equivalent to 10 large Blockbuster franchises.

If someone doesn't preserve the Internet, Kahle
says, it will be lost to posterity forever: "There
needs to be an accumulation for future historians."
Right now he's working with the Smithsonian on a
project to preserve election-related Web pages, so
that they can take their rightful place among the
memorabilia of the 1996 race in the museum's
exhibit this winter.

The thought of capturing all this useful information
for future scholars is appealing, at least at first
glance. The ancient Romans didn't care what kind
of graffiti people scratched into the walls of the
red-light district, but those scratchings ("Sabinus
was here with Primagenia") are now part of the
scholarly Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. But
with Borges in mind, I can't really wish Kahle good
luck and baud speed.

c|2(g http://www.slale.com/Conccpl/96-07- 1 5/Concept.

My problem is not with posterity, which is
welcome to as many teen-agers' Web sites as it
wants ("I now have a band!!! They are really
good and I am very happy!" is what I read on one
just the other day). The problem is that an Internet
archive will be available not just to our distant
descendants but to us, and if we're not careful, we'll
use it. Think about it: The most embarrassing
e-mail you ever wrote, available to anyone curious
enough to go looking. You want to write a song full
of ingenious rhymes for "orange"? A click can tell
you it's been done 1 1 times already. Your boss
wants to know if you called the client exactly at 10
last Tuesday. Prefer not to remember? Too bad, it
can be checked.

Personally, all this stuff would drive me crazy. "Me
too," replies Nathan Myhrvold, a Microsoft
executive who lately has been championing the idea
of an archive. "But I suspect we're going to have to
get used to it-the trend is all but inevitable." "It
scares me too," says Kahle. "One of the nice things
about humans is that we die. We don't have our
grandparents hanging around over oiir shoulders.
Every so often you go through and bum the
libraries, just to rid yourself of the past so you can
go forward." Many a physicist, chemist, and
biologist over the past three centuries has wished
that Aristotle's precious works on science had been
preserved a little less well, because whatever
Aristotle got wrong about planets and plants,
motions and animals had to be cleared away by
U-emendous and sometimes dangerous effort. Undue
reverence of Aristotle ruined Galileo's career and
nearly cost him his life. In China, imperial officials
were trained to pass rigorous exams in the
Confucian classics; as a consequence, they looked
down on trade, practical work, and foreigners. The
outcome was not good.

It wasn't just that Aristotle or Confucius were out
of date at this point or that. The sheer volume of
work preserved in Hbraries made people hold
what the 17th-century English poet and botanist
Abraham Cowley called the "pernicious opinion"
that "all things to be searched in nature had already
been found and discovered by the ancients." (His
contemporary Henry Power wrote: "Me-thinks I see
how all the old rubbish must be thrown away." )

The ill-effects of perfect records are already upon
us. Take the Brady Bunch movies. Audio and video
archives make all the bad songs and TV shows and
outfits of the last three decades available, and so
pop culture in the '90s is an uneasy mix of ironic
quotation and frank nostalgia for stuff whose only
merit is, hey, I watched that show when I was a kid.
Teen-agers dressed like hippies from a time before
they were bom can sit before a TV whose ads and
programs are full of references to old TV shows,
and see a clip about the making of a movie version
of The Flintstones (itself a lousy copy of The
Honeymooners).

If culture seems too remote a thing to worry about,
consider the prospect in personal terms. I was once
in a relationship in which two or even three e-mails
a day weren't out of the ordinary. It was the
best-documented liaison I was ever in, and the
fights in it were the worst I've ever experienced.
This is Jiot a coincidence. With all that
documentation establishing who'd done and said
what, we had no freedom to reinvent the past
according to the emotions of the present. We had no
wiggle room. Exhausted, we broke up.

4 of 5

7/28/96 12:02 PV

You might reply that much of human endeavor
throughout history has been the struggle to
preserve the past from the all-destroying fire of
time. But what makes a vibrant culture or inner life
possible is the fact that neither the past nor the fire
ever completely triumphs. As Tom Stoppard puts it
in Arcadia, a play that meditates beautifully on the
counterpoint of saving and losing, "It's wanting to
know that makes us matter. If the answers are in the
back of the book I can wait, but what a drag."
Another character, a chaos theorist, chimes in: "It's
the best possible time to be alive, when almost
everything you thought you knew is wrong."

"I think that we will learn ways to forget
information, even if it's in digitally accessible
form," says Kahle, reassuringly. "When we went
from an oral culture to writing, people complained
that people wouldn't remember as well and wouldn't
speak as well, because they'd have writing as a
crutch. And then when printing superseded writing,
people worried about being inundated with trash.
We're in the middle of one of these transitions."

Sensible enough. And in that coming debate, I
know where I stand: In the party of forgetfulness. I
don't want to live in a museum. As we're
encouraged to exult over the vast new volumes of
information that are becoming easier and easier to
capture, remember that the art of losing is also
important to master.

■ Links

pjT Reflect on Borges' visions of a fully archived
world at The Garden of Forking Paths, a site
devoted to the writer. Or learn more about Kahle's
potentially Borgesian project at the Internet
Archive. (If the project succeeds, every teen-ager's
Web site will be available for all eternity. Reflect
on that at "NeWen Home Page.")

David Berreby writes about science and culture for
the New York Times Magazine, Lingua Franca, the
Sciences, and the New Republic.

Illustration by Horacio Cardo
Previous High Concept columns

5 of 5

7/28/96 12:02 PM

rTT^nrR2.V 1996

©bctoosljiniiUmpost

BUSINESS

In California, Creating a Weh of the Past

Scientist-Entrepreneur
Is Trying to Record
Internet's Evolution

By Rnjiv Chandrasekaran

S \N FRANCISCO — Brewster
Kahle ihinJvs the bitemet is histor,'.

Three months npo. the J5-vear-
oKl comp'jter scientist and miUion-
aire entrepreneur embarked on an
.imbitjous project to record what's
happerung in cyberspace before the
elecuonic record is lost. He hired a
few assistants, bought a bunch of
massive data-collection devices and
programmed several computers to
aurf — and save — everything they
could Qnd on the global computer
network.

By the end of the year Kahle
hopes to have an unprecedented per-
manent record of all publicly accessi-
ble data on the fast-growing, ever-
changing Internet, whether it's
neighborhood home pages on the
trraphically oriented World Wide
Web or foreign-language "news-
j-roup" postings about Aincan cul-
ture. His giganuc archive, industry

"There 's a real
value in our
early Internet
history. ...We
need to preserve
our digital

heritage. "

experts said, could be a treasure
trove to scholars and analysts.

"There's a real value m our early
Internet history, which is beuig creat-
ed now," said KahJe, whose endeavor
is called the internet Archives. "No-
body has taken this idea very senous-
ly until now, but we need to preserve
our digital heritage."

Located in a histonc Spanish-style
building overlooking the Golden Gate
Bndge in this city's recently decom-
missioned Presidio Army base, the ar-

»» tTtVt C«TVLO f 0« tX <

chrve looks more like a gntty start-up
software company than a repository
of the world's digital history.

High-speed computers and robot-
dnven tape dnves that each can hold
2 terabytes, which translates into 2
million megabytes of data, sit on mis-
matched office furniture.

So far the archive has collected al-
most half a terabyte — half a trillion
characters — of data. Kahle estimates
the entire Internet contains from 2
terabytes to 10 terabytes. A typical

— Brewster Kalik

public library with 300.000 books, bv
comparison, has about 3 terabytes oi
data.

Belying the perception of the Inter-
net as a linutless cistern of informa-
tion. Kahle and others said that reams
of data on the network are changed or
deleted every day, often to make
room for new matenal. Most news-
group postings, for example, vanish
after about a week. On the Web, site;,
appear and disappear with the speed
See INTERNET. B14,CoL I

A Year in the Life of the Internet

INTERNET, From HI

vl fashion trends. Some Web pages
are revised every few months to add
ever-fancier graphics, sounds and vid-
eo clips, with littJe record kept of the
previous, more primitive incarna-
tions.

A University of Colorado study
published in 1992, when content on
the Internet was far less dynamic,
found that the average life of a docu-
- ment on the network was only 44
days. "Today those lifetimes are un-
doubtedly getting smaJler and small-
er." said the study's author, Michael
F. Schwartz, an associate professor of
computer science at the uiuversity.

While Kahle acknowledges that he
won't be able to keep up with every
change, he hopes to establish a snap-
shot of what the Internet looks like at
the end of this year that then wilJ be
updated as fast as his computers can
do their \acuum cleaning, likely every
lew months.

"When do different ethnic groups
or special interests or certain busi-
nesses become a presence on the
Netr said KahJe. 35, a founder of
Thinking Machines Corp., a Massa-
chusetts company that at one tune de-
signed powerful supe.'-computers.
■*The Internet today i . really different
than It was a year ago, and we have
■ no good data on what it looked like
back then."

Stirring Interest, Concerns

Just a few months old, Kahle's
work already has attracted the atten-
tion of those at the forefront of the
digital revolution. Researchers from
AT&T Corp. and Xerox Corp. have
approached K<ihle with requests to
study the archive.

"It's extremely ambitious, but a
great idea," s;ud Donald Heath, presi-
dent of the Internet Society in Res-
ton. "We don't know where this Inter-
net IS going, and once we get there it
.wUi be very instructive to look back.'

But Uie project also has piqued the
interest of pnvacy nghts advocates
and copyright lawyers, who question
how the archive will use its data. Will
the archive continue to offer reveal-
ing personal home pages long after an
author has decided to pull the plug on
them? Will saving the files that
formed corporate Web sites violate
copyright laws?

"It raises some very interesting
questions, " said Marc Rotenberg, di-
rector of the Electronic E^nvacy Infor-
mation Center, a Washington advoca-
cy group. "It can't be the case that
every time someone uses the Internet
they have given up control of personal
information absolutely and for all pur-
poses.'

Kahle said he has not yet decided
how he will make the not-for-profit

BREWSTER LURTON KAHLE

IN PROFILE

■ Ago: 35

■ Education: Bachelor of
science, from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 1982

■ Career highlights: Current -
president and founder of Internet
Archive

1992-95 - Founder and
president of Wide Area
Information Servers Inc.

1983-92 - Cofounder and
scientist. Thinking Machines
Corp.

■ Family: wife, Mary; son. Calson, 2

■ Home: San Francisco

■ Last book read: 'The Discoverers'
by Daniel Boorstin.

■ Last movie seen: "City of Lost
Children"

■ Favorite Web site: www.fflycom. a
tree software agent

■ How long does he sperxl In front of
a computer each day: "How long am
I awake?" About nine hours.

archive available to the public. He
suggested his daU may be handled
like census data— aggregate informa-
tion is made public, but specific infor-
mauon about mdividuais is kept confi-
dential.

"I'm dealing with every smgle intel-
lectual property issue out there,' he
said. "Pnvacy, copyright, pornogra-
phy, import -export — we've got it all."

Kahle said he also is accepting out-
side help in creatuig the archive. He
recently has been trying to obtain
tapes of 1980s-vintage newsgroup
postings from a University of Toronto
adnuiustrator.

A Smithsonian Link

The archives have been working
with the Smithsoman InsUtuUon smce
February to collect World Wide Web
sites dealuig with this year's presi-
denUal election. Part of that collection
now IS available on the Web at
httpi/ywww.archive.org and mcludes
copies of sites such as the Phil
Gramm for President home page,
which no longer is directly accessible.
The collaboration with the Smithson-
ian will result in an exhibit next year
about the Web's impact on the 1996
election at the NaUonai Museum of
American History.

Kahle, who left Thinking Machines
in 1992 to start an Internet publish-

ing company called W.A.IS Inc. — it
was sold to Amenca Online Inc. of
Dulles last year for about $15 niil-
Lon — thus far has personally bank-
rolled the entu-e eight-employee ar-
chive project, to the tune of
$400,000.

While Kahle said he intends to keep
the archives nonprofit, possibly join-
ing with a large research library in
the future, he is forming a for-profit
venture that will sell the Web search-
ing and storing technology developed
at the archives. "We're developing
some very exciting products to man-
age massive amounts of data,' he
said.

But Kahle insists his primary inter-
est these days is the arcliiving pro-
ject, of which he speaks with a boyish
enthusiasm.

"There's something very e.xciiing
going on here," he said. "Nobody re-
corded television in it,s early days. I
don't want to see thai happen with
the Internet."

FOR MORE INFORIMATION O

To post on-line qt4£stiOM.t for tlie
archive's organizers, arid to track
how many Web pciges haixt been
stored, click on the abore symbol on
the front page of The Past 's sit£ on .
the World Wide Web at
http://www. washtngtoHpast.com

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• ■July 31, 19% U

BEST OFOtTHE BAY

I grew up in Cheyenne,
Wyoming, spent seven
years in New York City,
then moved to San
Francisco. I like to tell
friends it's like Goldilocks
and the three bears: One city
was too little. One city was
way too big. And one city,
this one, seems to be just
right.

It's just right for a lot of people.
San Francisco has the best food,
the best views, the best weather,
the best culture, and yes, the best
people too. So it's appropriate that
San Francisco is where the Best
Ofs originated.

It all started back in 1974, when
Esquire magazine decided to do a
feature on "the best of America"
and asked Bay Guardian publish-
er Bruce B. Brugmann and the
paper's staff to handle the San
Francisco selections. We liked the
idea so much we expanded on Es-
quire's list and added many more
of our own for a feature we called
"The Best of San Francisco." And
long after Esquire gave up the
idea, we kept it going.

This year we've produced the
largest Best of the Bay package in
Bay Guardian history, with more
than 200 people, places, and things
that have earned the right to be
called the Best. Almost 800 of our
readers have chipped in, too, nam-
ing another 125 winners.

From the best Thai restaurant to
the best place to buy obscure hot-
rod literature, from the best place
to buy a computer to the best place
to engage in machine meditation,
we're pleased to present the Best
of the Bay, 1996.

Miriam Wolf

EDITORS' CHOICE

Food 15

Essay by Dan Leone 15

Best recovery from a fire-truck collision 17

Best mole in the Mission 19

Best place to cook your own raw meat 19

Best way to get your five servings of

fruits and vegetables 19

Best cheese collective 19

Best new trend in meatless dining 19

Best DIY bar food 19

Best pakoras 20

Best place for chips and salsa al fresco 20

Best cheap breakfast spot that will

serve you a stiff drink 20

Best after-work nosh for power types 20

Best best-kept restaurant secret 20

Best new shape for biscotti 23

Best upscale truck stop 23

Best place to shop for magazines

while caffeinating 23

Best fake American food 23

Best reason to wake up in the Mission 23

Best place to stock up for a

wine-country picnic 23

Best place for a wine-country picnic 24

Best borscht 24

Best chicken shawerma 24

Best place for cheap licks in the Mission 24

Best place to have an authentic

Central American restaurant experience . . . .24

Best Mexican pastries 24

Best place to get a natural high and

watch the world go by 27

Most soothing restaurant bathroom 27

Best store for all your subcontinent needs 27

Best old-fashioned malt-and-burger joint 27

Best affordable place for carnivores

to eat with their vegetarian pals

Best place to buy kangaroo steaks 28

Best way to leam about cheese 28

Best way to get a cholesterol high 31

Best cheap eats by the bay 31

Best sublime dish with an oddly prosaic name . .31

Best taqueria outside the Mission District 31

Best place to taste the 21st century 31

Sweetest way to start the day 32

Best place for affordable caviar

with a vodka chaser 32

Best eggs and pancakes fix 32

Best California cabernet sauvignon

Entertainment and nightlife .

Essay by Neva Chonin 39

Best drive-in to visit before

they all become extinct 43

Best photo booth in a club 43

Best bar for seeing red 43

Best spontaneous one-man sideshow 43

Best blues radio show 44

Best place to rent anime 44

Best place to lose $100 while smoking

a pack of cigarettes 44

Best old-school pool hall 46

Best place to relive your parents' childhood ... .46

Best club for new wave oldies 46

Best bar in which to sit beneath a copper shark

and watch a guy bang on a Budweiser case . .46
Best multilingual karaoke rooms with

computerized song-selection system 48

Best nightspot for incredibly strange music

and people 48

Best club at which to rediscover Pat Benatar . .50

Best place to watch Hong Kong movies 50

Best lesbian bar for everybody 50

Best reason to name your child after a

typesetting font 50

Best place to experience graffiti as

Neolithic cave art 51

Best place to hear street music in

Golden Gate Park 51

Best Sunday brunch 51

Best art on the wall and in your mouth 51

Best airport bar 52

Best place to scarf fish and chips, hear bagpipe

music and indie rock, and gel a dose of

Scottish culture 52

Best way to see the Magic 52

Best shoe-gazing extravaganza 52

under $10

.35

; The best climbing

Urban living 59

Essay by Tim Redmond 59

Best political quote 63

Best air quality 63

Best political hack 63

Best 24-hour self-service Laundromat 63

Best bad-attitude 'zine 63

Best bathroom reading material 63

Most sensitive cat-care service 65

Best TV station for local politicos 65

Best new community garden 65

Best way to track down a long-lost friend 65

Best books you never expected to

see at the library .65

Best catchers in the rye 65

Best place for a garage sale 65

Best neighborhood dog 65

Best way to find an apartment

if you have a dog or cat 66

Best way to recapture one

of the great moments in American history . . .66
Best indication that the Internet

has taken over 66

Best underappreciated neighborhoods 66

Best place to engage in machine meditation ... .68

Best community-based Web sites 68

Best Bay Area computer-game maker 70

Best cheap hotel 70

Best graphic designer with artistic integrity . . . .70
Best and nearest place lo go

for a small-town experience 70

Best new paint job on a

San Francisco public school 71

Best get-yourself-outta-that-rut move 71

Best vibe in the Mission 71

Best bucolic Sunday afternoon in a city 71

Best twisted free literature 71

Outdoors 73

Essay by Jon Maples 73

Best underused local park 75

Best suburban quarry swim 75

Best bus to the slopes 77

Best gym to encounter San Francisco's

diverse cultural community 77

Best toddler park in San Francisco 77

Best rope swing 77

Best mountain bike ride for beginners 78

Best place to watch the sunset

with your dog 78

Best place to test out a new bike on the roof . . .78
Best "natural" wonder that will

have you saying, "Trippy!" 79

Best place to body surf 79

Best place to stay on a coastal bluff 79

Best campsite 79

Best climbing gym 80

Best site for communing with

the ghosts of summers past 80

Best self-guided nature trail 80

Best swimming beach 82

Best way to escape from Alcatraz 82

Best golf hole to shank an eight-iron

into the sea 82

Best coastal getaway 82

Best way to get in shape for drinking 84

Best bird watching 84

Best hike for seeing waterfalls 84

Best East Bay outing for wee ones

and visiting family 84

Romance 87

Essay by Pia Hinckle 87

Best movie theater for a hot date 89

Best watery romance 89

Best romantic getaway with

old-hunting-lodge ambience 89

Best romantic park 91

Best place for San Franciscans to

buy their sex supplies anonymously 93

Best place to get slimy with your partner 93

Best romantic and inexpensive presents 93

Best place to break up with someone 93

Best place to smooch in the New Main 93

Best place to meet people with your dog 94

Best starry-night stroll 94

: July 31, 1996 ■ San Francisco Bay

Shopping 97

Essay by Stephanie Rosenbaum 96

Best place to relive your childhood 98

Best accoutrement for clowns 98

Best way to liven up your table 100

A wrenching read: The best place for
obscure hot-rod literature. See page 104.

Best Saturday afternoon grooves 100

Best manga-model store 100

Best place to buy steel-toed shoes 100

Best place to pretend you're skydiving . . . .100
Best listening station featuring

unknown musicians 101

Best independent bookstore 101

Best neighborhood for

used-book shopping 102

Best place on Valencia to meet Marxists . . .102

Best place to find vintage magazines 102

Best bookstore you'd rather

no one else knew about 102

Best place to bike into the past 104

Best place to buy vitamins 104

Best place to find obscure

hot-rod literature 104

Best shopping nirvana for

hip and hungry women 109

Best place to buy happiness

for less than $2.50 109

Best video store 109

Best painful but rewarding

hair-removal experience 109

Best friendly, honest used-car dealer HI

Best friendly, honest mechanics Ill

Best S.F. thrift store that's not quite

in San Francisco Ill

Best soundtrack store

north of Hollywood Ill

Best deals and most informed staff

for dog and cat supplies Ill

Best discount travel agency 112

Best place to take your dying pumps 112

CELEBRitY
BESTS

Keith McHenry

Best San Francisco cop 2'' °

Conscioiis Daughters

Best up-and-coming female rapper 4

Alex Bennett

Best politically correct comedian 4

Chailotte Malilanl Swig

Best place in the Mission to take

visiting dignitaries 5

Maisa Gomez ||

Best place in San Francisco

to walk your dog 61

IHayorWiUie Brown

Best San Francisco politician who

isn't Willie Brown 68

Bay Ana Consumers' ChteUbook

Best banks for checking accounts 69

BiU Griffith

t place for three rocks 78

Bfiuzone

Best bleeding-heart liberal cause 83

Nina Hartley

Best way to get in the mood 91

Isadora Afanan

Best way to approach an attractive strangei94
Chartie Hunter

Best mom-and-pop record store 101

OUT OF THE PAST

A look back at 22 years of Best of
the Bay 115

Best antique furniture restorer (1974) 115

Best place to work with

wild animals (1992) 115

Best ghost town (1993) 115

Best single-malt scotch selection (1990) . . .115
Best public-transportation

program (1986) 115

Best brewspaper (1989) 115

Best sauna (1977) 115

Best marzipan pig (1975) 115

Best working-class sushi bar (1987) 115

Best recycling complex (1985) 115

Best place for inexpensive

relaxation (1995) 116

Best place to buy used and refurbished

golf clubs (1994) 116

Best chocolate (1979) 116

Best source of native plants on

the peninsula (1991) 116

Best place to wail for your

ship to come in (1984) 116

Best homemade movie-theater

food (1988) 116

Best view of the Bay Area (1978) 116

Best swimming beach (1982) 116

READERS'
CHOICE 119

Food 121

Best new restaurant 121

Best restaurant entree 121

Best burger and fries 121

Best veggie burger 121

Best burrito 121

Best ice-cream parlor 121

Best Middle Eastern food 121

Best pizza 121

Best take-out 121

Best Caesar salad 122

Best sandwich shop 122

Best Chinese food 122

Best Vietnamese food 122

Best Thai food 122

Best pad Thai 122

Best bakery 122

Best highfalutin dessert 122

Best Mexican restaurant 122

Best chips and salsa 122

Best vegetarian food 122

Best supermarket 122

Best natural-food store 123

Best wine store 123

Best place to go wine-tasting 123

Best bread 123

Best restaurant service 123

The best little pigs go to
marzipan. See page 115.

Best coffeehouse 123

Best seafood restaurant 123

Best outdoor brunch 123

Best restaurant to hang out in 123

Best splurge restaurant

(more than $20 per person) 123

Best cheap restaurant

($5 or less per person) 123

Entertainment 125

Best first-nm movie house 125

Best rep film house 124

Best local dance company 125

Best art gallery 125

Best photography gallery 125

Best local theater company 125

Best museum 125

Best place to hear reggae 125

Best open-mic music series 125

Best jukebox 125

Best local comedian 125

Best place to see dance 125

Best performance space 125

Best dance club 125

Best place to hear live rock 125

Best place to hear hip-hop 125

Best after-hours club 125

Best brew pub 125

Best place to play pool without waiting . . .126

Best bar 126

Best innovative cocktail 126

Best gay bar 126

Best lesbian bar 126

Best local band 126

Outdoors 129

Best place to sit outside and

people-watch 129

Best place to play pickup basketball 129

Best hiking trail 129

Best place to jog 129

Best bike path 129

Best bike shop 129

Best place to buy in-line skates 129

Best beach 129

Best place to sunbathe 129

Best view 129

Best children's playground 129

Best place to escape the fog 129

Best place to embrace the fog 129

Sliopping 129

Best new bookstore 129

Best used bookstore 129

Best comic book store 129

Best place to buy vinyl 129

Best place to buy CDs 129

Best place to buy hip-hop music 129

Best place to buy a computer 129

Best place to get your watch

battery replaced 130

Best place to buy new furniture 130

Best building-supply store 130

Best men's clothing 130

Best women's clothing 130

Best place to buy children's clothing 130

Best place to buy used jeans 130

Best vintage clothing store 130

Best vintage furniture store 130

Best place to buy toys 130

Best place to buy eyeglasses 132

Best cosmetics store or counter 132

Best place to buy shoes 132

Best stationary store 132

Best flower shop 132

Best place to buy medicinal herbs 132

Best place that's been around

since at least 1966 132

Romance 132

Best romantic restaurant 132

Best place for a clandestine lunch 132

Best place to meet your personal-ad date . .132

Best gift for your lover 132

Best place to buy latex 132

Best way to get free condoms 133

Best place to get married 133

Best topless bar 133

Best outdoor spot to make out 133

Best place for a proposal

(or a proposition) 133

Urban living 134

Best Internet service provider 134

Best local Web site 134

Best place to spot celebrities 134

Best new name for 3Com Park 134

Best local newscast 134

Best radio show 134

Best write-in candidate for president 134

Best reason to visit San Francisco 134

Best adult education classes 134

Best professional sports team 135

Best way to find a roommate 135

Best recycling center 135

Best local cause 135

Best nonprofit group 135

Best new building 136

Best street comer 136

Best local 'zine 136

Best fashion designer 136

Best way to get on the

Bay Bridge at rush hour 136

Best street fair 136

Best place to spot

Willie Brown 136

Best downtown comer

to catch a cab 136

Best community garden 136

Best place to experience

the counterculture 136

LOCAL HEROES

Sharen Hewitt 139

Comelius Hall 140

Nanci Clarence 141

RafiqBilal 142

Satti Hinon Odeye 143

GailSilva 144

It's dog-eat-dog: The best place to meet
people unth your pooch. See page 94.

The 1996 Bay
Guardian Best Oi
task force

Miriam Wolf
Associate Editor

Jodi Levin

Ondine Kilker, Elyse Hochstadt
Contributing writers

Dakkan Abbe, Savannah Blackwell, Brian
Bouldrey, Amy Bourne, Diane Cantwell, Neva
Chonin, Erika Cbristensen, Bill Citara, Ian
Coder, Jennifer fjjughlin, Ron Curran, Elizabeth
Demaray, Eileen Ecklund, R. Seth Friedman,
Susan Gerhard, Bennett Grassano, Belinda
Griswold, Glen Helfand, Pia Hinckle, David
Israels, Jennifer Joseph, Henry Kumagai, Dan
Leone, Reyna Lingemann, Alvin Lu, John Marr,
Katharine Mayerson, Howard Myint, Jerod Pore,
Johimy Ray Huston, Tim Redmond, Meir Rinde,
Rose Rippey, Stephanie Rosenbaum, Marcy
Sheiner, Nina Siegal, J. Arthur Skaggs, Amy
Squires, Eric Stephan, Chuck Stephens, Candi
Strecker, Jane Sullivan, Chris Torrens, Jean-
Fabrice Vernet, Mandy Weltman, Anthony York,
Doug Young, Jenna Ziman, Daniel Zoll

Contributing artists and photographers

Lx>ri Eanes, Mark Madeo, Winston Smith,
Christine T. Anderson, Saul Bromberger, Phyllis
Christopher, Lori Eanes, Gregory Fleischer,
Gabrielle Gamboa, Phoebe Gloeckner, Pamela
Hobbs, Rosemarie Lion, Mark Luthringer,
Mark Madeo, Melinda Montanye, Neda,
Judi Parks, Stephanie Rausser, Joe Rocco, Kurt
Rodgers, Nicole Rosenthal, Eric Slomanson,
Winston Smith, Susan Synarski, Steven
Weissman, Jackie Wey

Copy and production

Beth Allen, Chris Bonis, Amy Changar.
Lisa Dumas, Tom Dvorak, Ed Garcia, Chiaki
Hachisu, Deirdre Lynds, Ten Mammini, Emily
McMaous, Misty Neal, Deirdre Nemmers,
Mary Penn, Sylvia Tan, Kurt 1
Jacqueline Volin

■ July 31, 1995 13

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(415) 431-3332; Baby Judy's,
Wednesday nights, Casanova
Lounge, 527 Valencia, S.F. (415)
863-9328.

Best club
at which to
rediscover
Pat Benatar

Though the Pat Benatar lip-
synching night was reserved for
Trannyshack hostess Fleklina's
birthday party, this glittering haven
for cross-dressers always has room
for the faded glory of new wave
divas. The drag at the Tuesday-
night glamour hut that is Tran-
nyshack veers toward the freaky
and conceptual, with performers of
all persuasions giving it their twist-
ed all to hit the audience with their
best shots. The drink specials and
celebrity cohostesses enhance the
glamour. 399 Ninth St., S.F. (415)
252-STUD.

Best place to
watch Hong

see, but for sheer cavernous i
phere, rows dotted with necking
teenagers, and occasional cell-
phone conversations, the Great Star
provides the complete package.
They don't make 'em like this any-
more. 636 Jackson, S.F. (415) 982-
6645.

Best lesbian
bar for
everybody

As co-owner Pat Ramseyer's girl-
friend, Shelly, says, "This is an
everyone bar." And labels aside.
Wild Side West is a great neighbor-
hood bar for just that reason. Ram-
seyer originally opened the bar as
the Wild Side in Oakland in the
early '60s; it became (he Wild Side
West when she moved it to North
Beach a few years later. In 1977,
when Ramseyer teamed up with
her business partner, Nancy White,
the bar moved again, this time to
Cortland Avenue in Bernal
Heights, where it still rests. The
Wild Side is a warm, down-to-earth
place to go to enjoy drink, snacks,
and good company. Bask in the sun
out on the back deck and garden, or
during colder weather, enjoy the
warmth from the fireplace that
stands in the center of the bar. 424
Cortland S.F., (415) 647-^99.

Kong movies Best reason to

Now this is a tough call. If you're a
Hong Kong movie neophyte, your
best bet is probably the ongoing se-
ries at the UC Theatre, which culls
select favorites from Hong Kong
cinema's recent history. You could
also attend one of the minifestivals
that pop up periodically around the
Bay Area or rent and watch some
films on your own home-theater
setup. (You do have one, don't
you?) On the other hand, nothing
beats a night of double-feature
madness at the Great Star Theater,
one of the two remaining first-run
theaters in Chinatown, the other
being the venerable World Theater.
Choosing between the two is really
a matter of what movie you want to

name your
child after a
typesetting font

Just recently the San Francisco
Center for the Book opened its
doors to the public. Directors Mary
Austin (a print historian who loves
printmaking so much she named
her son Caslon, after the type font),
Kathleen Burch (a typographer
who works with Burning Books
and has collaborated on projects
with John Cage), and Susan Lan-
dauer (an art historian) have creat-

IQ46 ■ San Francisco Bay Guardian

ed a dteati, wellMif space for book-
and printmaking programs, exhibi-
tions, and studio facilities. The cen-
ter also has a resource library and
offers workshops on experimental
printmaking and book structure. So
come on down and thumb your
nose at all those folks who say the
book is dead. 300 DeHaro, S.F.
(415) 565-0545.

Best place
to experience
graffiti as
Neolithic

cave art

Catch the K, L, or M lines heading
downtown, take a window seat on
(he left side of the car (facing for-
ward), and keep your eyes peeled.
Just before pulling into the Castro
Street station the train will pass
through the remains of the old Muni
Maritet Street station, which still
boasts a bench or two and some
fine samples of local graffiti art,
such as those whacked, big-eyed
'toon characters and mysterious, el-
egant horses. Illuminated by the
gated-over exit where the track
once led to the outside, the old sta-
tion exudes the haunted, romantic
ambience of a place time forgot.
Many regular commuters seem to
look forward to this subterranean
view — glance around you and
you'll see lots effaces peering out
the grubby windows. It's an urban
ritual par excellence.

Best place
to hear street
music in
Golden Gate

Park

Just ask Paul, the psychologist-jazz
saxophonist in the pinstripe shirt,
or his buddy Sid, the architect-jazz
guitarist, where the best spot is to
hear locals blow some soulful
notes. They'll tell you what all the
musicians know: it's in front of the
Conservatory of Flowers when
someone is playing in the tunnel
under JFK Drive. That tunnel of-
fers the best acoustics in the city.
And in the summertime, when
tourists flock to the conservatory's
front yard and Rollerbladers zip
overhead, musicians have an in-
stant audience. Short Corinthian
columns adorn the tunnel's north
and south entrances and add an art-
ful atmosphere, as do the conserva-
tory's landscaping and flower beds.
"Some guys have to rent [practice]
space," Paul says. "Me? I leave my
horn in the trunk and come here on
my lunch break. This is the place."
Check it out any weekday after-
noon, and weekends starting at
around noon. The music ranges

from airy jazz and rhapsodic violin
concertos to rhythmic steel drums
and hard-driving guitar.

Best Sunday
brunch

If a pint of Guinness is a meal, then
a Sunday afternoon Bloody Mary at
the Deluxe Club is brunch in a
glass. Chock full of tasty veggies,
these Bloody Marys are spiked
with judicious amounts of horse-

radish and Tabasco and often are
served up by Vice Grip, of the local
swing scene. Although the regulars,
in their vintage duds, are usually
holding court at the front tables,
formal dress is not required and
seating is usually available. The at-
mosphere is more relaxed on Sun-
day afternoons than on Friday or
Saturday nights, which tend to be
loud and crowded, with swing
dancers and enthusiasts packing the
floor for the live music. If you're
lucky you can grab one of the cov-
eted booths. 1511 Haighl, S.F.
(415) 552-6949.

Best art on
the wall and
in your mouth

The art at Swiss entrepreneur
Donald Hess's stunningly remod-
eled 93-year-old Napa Valley
Hess Collection Winery isn't just
the award-winning wines. It's
also the contemporary paintings
and sculptures by artists such as
Frank Stella, Robert Motherwell,

Theodoros Stamos, and Bruce
Robbins that can be found in the
winery's three-story art gallery.
Take the glassed-in elevator to
the top floor and work your way
down. Don't miss the stunning,
brilliantly executed painting by
noted German artist Gerhard
Richter, an enormous work that
explodes with color and vitality.
When you're finished repair to
the cozy tasting room and give
your taste buds a treat. 4411 Red-
wood, Napa. (707) 255-1144.

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Best airport
bar

Airports are generally rotten places
to drink. The cocktails are over-
priced and weak, the ambience is
crowded-waiting-room chic, and
the help is slow and surly. But not
at the Crab Pot, which is tucked be-
tween the bookstore and gates 68
and 69 in the United terminal at
SFO. The place serves local brew-
pub beer and decent clam chowder
at tolerable prices, but more impor-
tant, the waiters and bartenders are
actually friendly. And several times
a day they all drop everything, put
"Surfin' USA," on the jukebox,
crank up the volume, and dance on
their service trays, sliding around
and hanging 10 while out-of-town
visitors shake their heads in won-
der. United terminal, San Francis-
co International Airport.

Best place to
hear bagpipe
music and
indie rock, and
get a dose of
Scottish culture

That pretty much sums up the ap-
peal of Edinburgh Castle, a peren-
nial Bay Guardian Best Of winner
on Geary Boulevard in the Tender-
loin. The fish and chips come
wrapped in newsprint, just like in
jolly old England. From Wednes-
day to Saturday there's live music
on the second floor. (Booker Ray
Wilcox has featured emerging
indie talents such as Actionslacks,
Vegas de Milo, Vinyl Devotion,
and J Church.) Also the home of
the Scottish Cultural Arts Founda-
tion, Edinburgh Castle occasional-
ly has a bagpiper perform, for an
authentic Scottish vibe. Various
items on the walls also celebrate
the Scottish-culture theme: check
out the caber mounted on one
wall; in essence a giant log, it's a
projectile to be hurled in Scottish
contests of strength. For those odd
sorts who don't fancy hurling logs,
there's a pool table, two dart
boards, and a pinball machine. 950
Geary. S.F. (415) 885-4074.

Best way to see
the Magic

It's late Friday afternoon, you're
up to your elbows in paperwork,
your head is swirling, and the
phone is ringing. It's time to es-
cape to the theater so all those
workaday worries will slip away.
But you've forgotten to make plans

for the weekend and you don't
even know what's playing. Luckily
you've already invested in a Magic-
PASS for the Magic Theatre. Now
you can just hop a cab down to Fort
Mason and see a really hip, cool,
arty play. The pass is one of the
ways the Magic Theatre has made
its plays accessible to even the least
prescient theatergoer — you can
choose which plays you want to see
and when you want to see them.
For $45 you can buy three passes
so you can go to the theater three
times by yourself or take two
friends to one show. For $85 you
get 6 passes, and for $1 10, eight.
That's pretty cheap, considering
that it usually costs as much as $24
for a single ticket on a weekend
night. Then simply fly off to the
theater on a moment's notice.

Here are two other Magic tricks:
The last Thursday of the run of
every play is "pay what you can"
night — you pay whatever price
you can afford. If you have a stu-
dent ID, take advantage of the "stu-
dent rush"; an hour before any
Magic play, rush up to the box of-
fice and buy a ticket for $7 (on
Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Sun-
days) or $10 (on Fridays and Satur-
days). The deal is subject to ticket
availability, but odds are pretty
good that you'll get a seat. All
nighttime performances (except
those on Sundays) start at 8:30 p.m.

— late enough so that you can actu-
ally make it to the theater after
work and a beer. The Magic has a
hot calendar of new plays and the-
ater works this year, so the passes
are worth it. For more information,
call (415) 441-8822.

Best

shoe-gazing
extravaganza

For a free and rockin' good time on
weekend nights, shimmy on down
to the corner of 22nd and Mission
Streets. There, jamming al fresco,
you will find the soon-to-be-infa-
mous Rube Waddell. Named in
honor of the alligator-wrestling,
marble-playing patron saint of left-
handed pitching, this band bridges
the gap between rap and raga and
plays the meanest one-string blues
guitar this side of the moon. Armed
with enough musical instruments to
fill two shopping carts. Rube Wad-
dell holds court most Fridays and
Saturdays at around 10 p.m. Come
see the best music this town has to
offer and find out what Mack the
Knife has to do with a shark attack.
Most Friday and Saturday nights,
10 p.m. or thereabouts, corner of
Mission and 22nd Streets. <i^

You wouldn't expect to see
Charlotte Maillatd Swig,
San Francisco's chief of
protocol, in a neighborhood with-
out socialites, but Swig came up
with enough places in this boho
'hood to prove once and for all
that she's a homegirl. "Mission
Dolores of course is the biggie,
but there are so many wonderful
places to take people in the Mis-
sion. There's the Galeria de la Raza, which showcases Hispanic
artists. La Rondalla has wonderful Mexican food and a Christmas
decor all year long, and there's La Cumbre Taqueria. Young people
like the Elbo Room and the Albion. Then there's Cesar's Latin
Palace and a wonderful store called the Lady Luck Candle Shop.
There are murals throughout the Mission that are culturally signifi-
cant and colorful, and theaters like the York and Roxie are great
places to take visitors who want a taste of San Francisco."

Best place in
the Mission to
take visiting
dignitaries

52 July 31. 1996 ■ San Francisco Bay

Bulletin Board

(415)255-7600

(510)834-7600

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Do You Use Ginseng, Ginsana, or
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■A

^M I y

212 July 31 , 1996 ■ San Francisco Bay Guardian

For expanded Bulletin Board, turn to the previous page.

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YOU'VE GOT TO SEE IT IN

color:

MARCH 25, 1996

NEWSMAGAZINE

The Dragon Wakes: China's challenge
and how to deal with it {see World)

The Mechanics of Thought: Is it humanly
possible for the man-made to think? (see Cover)

The Stones of Camelot: Jackie O s
treasures on the block (see The Arts)

CONTRIBUTORS 4

LETTERS 6

NOTEBOOK 15

WASHINGTON DIARY 16

CALVIN TRILLIN 20

MILESTONES 23

NATION

CAMPAIGN '96: Bob and Bill's Beltway Bake-Off 26

The scene has shifted from the green fields of the Republic to
the hard pavement of Pennsylvania Avenue. The situation is
unique in American history— a Senate majority leader and a
President, opposing candidates who must find some way of
working together while trying to knife each other in the back
Tom Daschle: Leader of the block party 30

BOB DOLE: The Lone Ranger 31

Never one to surround himself with advisers, the Senator
now finds himself surrounded

THE ALSO-RANS: How (Very) Green Was My Valley 32

Bottoming out in the Presidential race can pay off big time

WORLD

CHINA: What Should the U.S. Do? 36

War games near Taiwan, human-rights abuses, pirating
of software, an ongoing nuclear-weapons program— China
is defying Washington on many counts. What should the
response be? The strategy that is in place, only more so

SCOTLAND: The Monster and the Innocents 44

A gunman runs amuck, and a small town is scarred forever

BUSINESS

CORPORATE WELFARE: Why Subsidies Survive 46

In an election year. Congress has surrendered in the battle
for reform

TOBACCO: A Breach in the Wall 47

If one company settles a suit, can the others be far behind?

RETAILING: Luxury's Gaudy Times 48

The rich are flaunting it again, to the delight of upscale stores

SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

COVER: Can Machines Think? 50

They already do, if Deep Blue's chess prowess is any
indication, and that has created something of an identity
crisis for homo sapiens— thinking man. But just because
computers process information doesn't mean they have
feelings, a sense of humor or that intangible quality we call
consciousness

Garry Kasparov: Close encounter with a smart machine 55

Artificial Intelligence: The race to get there first 56

MEDICINE: A Living Miracle 60

Joined for life, the Hansel twins are a lesson in cooperation

THE ARTS

CULTURE: Sotheby's sale of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis'

impeccably tasteful belongings is turned into a rehc hunt 66

CINEMA: Five good reasons why you should care about the

Best Editing Oscar 68

SHOW BUSINESS: Nathan Lane flounces toward stardom 70

ART: A new look at Corot, the 19th centuiy nyr ph painter

who offers glimpses of modernism 71

BOOKS: Stephen L. Carter prescribes a big dose oi Integrity 73

SPORT: The best horse in the world is going to Dubai to
chase history 75

PEOPLE: Sly acting; the Curtis sisters 77

ESSAY: Lance Morrow on the Scottish massacre 78

cover: Digital photomontage for Tim f. by James Porto

TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly except for two issues combined into one at year-end for $59.94 per year by Time Inc. Principal Office; Time & Life Building, i:>xkefeller Center, New York, N.Y., 10020-1393.
Reginald K. Brack Jr., Chairman; Don Logan, President, CEO; Joseph A. Ripp, Treasurer; Harry M. Johnston, Secretarv. Second-class postage paid at New York, New York, ,:iiid at additional mailing offces. © 1996 Time Inc.
All rights resen/ed. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. TIME and the Red Border Design are protected through trademark registrai ion in the United States and in the foreign countries
where TIME magazine circulates. POSTMASTER; Send address changes to TIME, P 0, Box 30501 , Tampa, Florida 33530-0501 . For subscription queries, call Custom r Service at 1-800-843-TIME D

CONTRIBUTORS

ROBERT WRIGHT is accustomed to thinking
of the human mind as an intricate machine.
He has long been fascinated with evolu-
tionary psychology— a field that views the
brain as a mechanism built by the genes
and shaped by natural selection— and has
written extensively about it, both in his
1994 book. The Moral Animal, and in a
Time cover story last August, "Twentieth
Century Blues." In this week's cover story, contributor
Wright examines the philosophical questions raised by "arti-
ficial intelligences" such as Deep Blue, the chess-playing
computer that nearly defeated the human world champion,
Garry Kasparov. In addition, Kasparov writes about the mo-
ment during the match when he first sensed that he was in
the presence of a real, albeit somewhat alien, intelligence.

r^^l^ CLAUDIA WALLIS certainly has plenty to

^^tf^JB^ *^°- ^^^ veteran Time science writer is the
mother of three and the managing editor
of Time For Kids, which reaches nearly
800,000 fourth-, fifth- and sixth-graders
each week. But she could not resist the op-
portunity to tell the remarkable story this
week of Abigail and Brittany Hensel. "I had
read Life magazine's cover story about the
conjoined twins," she says, "and was moved to tears." Wal-
lis teamed up with reporter Jen Doman, who befriended the
Hensels last fall and secured exclusive rights to their stoiy for
Life. Says Wallis: "She did a remarkable job of documenting
one family's efforts to build an ordinaiy and happy life for two
children born under extraordinary circumstances."

BILL SAPORITO, Time's new business edi-
tor, joins us from our sister publication
Fortune, where he spent a decade writ-
ing about corporate takeovers and editing
the magazine's Newstrends section. "The
world of commerce has never been more
complex, or more important, given our
shared anxieties about layoffs and re-
structuring," says Saporito. At Fortune
he loved the fast pace of Newstrends' late-breaking stories
but not the magazine's fortnightly schedule. "It drove me
crazy to sit there for a week and not be able to jump on a
hot story," he says. Now, at this weekly newsmagazine, he
gets to double his output and his pace, which is fine with
him and with us too.

KAREN TUMULTY learned two years ago
that Tom Daschle is not entirely the mild,
cautious politician he pretends to be. As a
reporter for the Los Angeles Times, she
spent several days with the U.S. Senator
m his home state. South Dakota. Never an
enthusiastic flyer, she was dismayed one
foggy night to learn that Daschle had
booked them onto a tiny airplane. Even
worse, he let her know with a big grin that he planned to
pilot the craft himself. This week the tables are turned.
Daschle is Clinton's point man on Capitol Hill, and Tumulty
is Time's congressional correspondent— steering us through
a bumpy presidential campaign that will be waged, by and
large, inside the Beltway.

He'll be using a Macintosh personal computer because a
Macintosh will be there for him to use.

He'll be using a Macintosh because no other computer in
the world makes it so easy for people to learn and explore
and discover So it can help him from his first day
of school to his last day of college and througliout ■%,
the rest of his life.

And he'll be using a Macintosh because millions ot
people like Susan Kohler, a working mom from Reston,
Virginia, simply wouldn't have it any other way :-'

''Learning doesn't end at school" Susan says.
''With a Macintosh at home., my kids can do
their homework atid have fun doi?ig it A?idl
can be involved in the experience. We love our Mac"

With technology changing so quickly, it's only natural to
wonder whether the computer you buy today will still be around
tomorrow. That's why Apple has always designed Macintosh for
tomorrow as well as today

Only Macintosh makes it so easy to learn.

Macintosh WcLs designed to be the perfect family computer:
easy to set up, easy to learn, easy to use. And easy to afford.

If you have children in school, chances are they're already
using an Apple! Because more schools use Apple than any other
brand of computer

In fact, of the 97% of U.S. school districts using computers, a
full two-thirds use Apple computers - three times more than our
nearest competitor

More schools use Apple computers for multimedia. And
more schools and universities use Apple computers for accessing
the Internet. So bringing a Macintosh home means you're actually
bringing learning home.

time, march 25, 1996

rfnvi'iderjmjor hileyml a

smiiiired. ©19% Affle Comlniler. i

WW, we can't be sure what car
or what music he'll be listening to.
he'll still be using a Macintosh.

Of course, notliing briiigs learning

to life like the power of multimedia. Which is why no

computer malces it easier for your family to experience and create

multimedia than Macintosh -from building an interactive book

report to editing the family video album.

And because it also comes with powerful software to access
the Internet^ exploring cyberspace on a Mac" is as easy as pointing
and clicking. Opening up a whole new world of possibilities for
you and your family

Only Macintosh makes it so easy to explore.

The magic of a personal computer is that you can change
what it does simply by changing the software.

With over 9,000 software titles now available for Macintosh, that
means a Mac can become just about anything you want it to be.
From a science lab to an artist's palette to a powerful financial man-
agement tool. And you can expect to see thousands more great
titles coming in the future.

The latest multimedia entertainment titles. The most powerful
business programs. The hottest games. The most popular home
office programs. Educational software galore.

You'll find all of them - and more - available for the Macintosh.
Only Macintosh makes it so easy to grow.

The whole idea is to make owning a computer a satisfying,
enriching experience -now, and for years to come.

Which is why Apple's unique plug-and-play pliilosophy

makes it incredibly easy to add new capabilities

to your Mac today, tomorrow and even years

down the road.

If you want to add a printer, just plug it in. If you need more

storage space, just plug in a hard drive. And so on.

"My PC-using friends nearly croak when they see it all
ivorking perfectly. And no horror stories. I just plugged every-
thing in" says Charles Hoff, a father and Macintosh owner living
in Thousand Oaks, California.

No other computer makes it this easy to grow when you do.

Only Macintosh is so well liked.

It all helps explain why Apple is one of the most recognized and
loved brands in the world. Why brand loyalty to Apple is the higliest
ill the industry And why Apple ranks number one hi reliability and
service, requiring less customer support than an\' other computer

In fact, 90% of Macintosh owners buy a M.icintosh again when
making a second purchase- the higliest repiu'chase rate of any
computer manufacturer

With 56 million people around the world firmly committed
to the Macintosh way of working, learning and playing, there's one
thing you can always be confident of

That Apple will continue to provide innovative tools and solu-
tions designed to empower each and every 1 1 ^^
member of your family Appic ''Hk

Even those members yet to come. http://aiways.appie.com

5 oj Apple Computer. Inc. Mac is a hmiemark of Apple Computer, Inc. All Machilosb compiilers are desif>iie(I to he aaessihle It

E T T E R S

Blowing the Whistle on Nuclear Safety

44 As long as we have to live with
she threat of radioactive disaster;
nuclear power must be made safe,
whatever the cost. 55

Natalie Hildt

New London, Connecticut

YOUR ARTICLE ON NUCLEAR SAFETY WAS

an eye-opener, and your effort to address
a veiy serious problem is commendable
[Business, March 4]. My heart goes out
to George Betancourt, George Galatis
and the gutsy engineers who fought the
management of Northeast Utilities.
Kudos to them for their selfless devotion.
The role of the Nuclear Regulatory Com-
mission should be investigated. Where
can people go if the regulatoiy agency
and utilities companies collude? How
can we protect ourselves? It is time for a
shake-up of the nrc.

Sudip Guharoy
Rancho Mirage, California

THE COURAGE OF WHISTLE-BLOWERS

Galatis and Betancourt in fighting for
quality and safety in the nuclear-power
industry is inspiring. To the Georges, I
say please don't give up-you belong
with the true heroes of this countiy.

Allan Bazzoli
Mount Vernon, Ohio

PLACING THE MILLSTONE NUCLEAR PLANT

on the NRC's watch fist is a significant and
serious matter, hardly a "wrist slap," as
Galatis characterized it. Northeast Utili-
ties has already undertaken aggressive
steps to correct the situation, including a
total reorganization of its nuclear group

and the creation of a first-ever office of
nuclear safety and oversight. We have
pledged to go beyond the requirements
of regulatory compliance to earn back
the public trust and demonstrate our
passion for safety. In the end, our busi-
ness objectives can be met only after we
first satisfy our safety goals and our
employees' concerns.

Ted C. Feigenbaum, Executive Vice

President and Chief Nuclear Officer

Northeast Utilities Service Co.

Hartford, Connecticut

YOUR ARTICLE INCLUDED ANALYSES FROM

a Holtec consultant who reportedly pre-
dicted that a loss of primary cooling in a
Millstone 1 fuel pool could result in a
"slow boil." These analyses were made
for a wholly artificial and improbable
scenario of events. Pool temperatures in
the real world seldom exceed lukewarm
levels. The engineers, technicians and
managers at Millstone have dedicated
their careers to coaxing energy from the
atom because they believe in the inher-
ent safety and environmental benefits of
nuclear power. They deserve your ac-
claim, not your scorn.

Kris P. Singh, President and CEO

Holtec International

Cherry Hill, New Jersey

Stephanopoulos on Whitewater Coverage

FOR YEARS I WANTED TO MAKE THE COVER OF TIME IN THE

worst way. And I did. On April 4, 1994, there I was, in mug-shot
gray, looking worried over President Clinton's shoulder in the
Oval Office, underneath an accusing headline: deep water:

HOW THE PRESIDENT'S MEN TRIED TO HINDER THE WHITEWA-
TER INVESTIGATION. The stoiy wasn't much prettier than the
picture. The report, stocked with blind quotes, suggested I was
steps away from the slammer because of the temper tantrum I
threw when the law firm of Jay Stephens, a Republican former
U.S. Attorney and an outspoken political opponent of the Pres-
ident, was hired by the Resolution Trust Corporation to inves-
tigate Whitewater. Two years later, nothing remains of the
criminal charges leveled against me by anonymous sources in
Time except, of course, my yet-to-be paid legal bills. But
Stephens stayed on the job. Two weeks ago his firm issued its
final report to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Here is what it found after reviewing all the available evi-
dence, including the billing records discovered early in Janu-
aiy: Not only is there "no reasonable basis" to pursue a claim
against the Rose Law Firm, but neither Hillary Clinton nor the
Rose firm "knowingly aided and abetted a fraud." The report
z concluded that Mrs. Clinton's share of the Rose firm's income
? from Madison Guaranty Trust was "trivial . . . less
; than $20 a month," and that the 1988 decision by the
1 Rose firm to discard certain records "occurred in a
f seemingly innocent context, as part of a general

0 effort to discard unneeded files." And the conspira-
i cy charges involving Madison Guaranty owner
; James McDougal and the Rose Law Firm? Nothing
f to them, says the report: "It simply would not be per-

1 suasive to argue that, for $21,000, McDougal cor-

rupted the Rose Law Firm and convinced half a dozen lawyers,
most of whom he did not know, to join him in a scheme to vio-
late the law ... the conspiracy theory is hopelessly flawed."

Good news. But when I read Time [March 11], I couldn't
find anything on Whitewater. I didn't really expect a cover sto-
17, but no story at all? Time carried eight pages on the royal
divorce, but not one word about an independent, nonpartisan
investigation that corroborated what President and Mrs. Clin-
ton had said all along about the most serious Whitewater-relat-
ed charges. Time's attempt at balanced coverage came last
week. One sentence on the Stephens report appeared in a cov-
er story [Book Excerpt, March 18] consisting largely of recy-
cled gossip critical of the President and Mrs. Clinton. Time's
competitors didn't do much better. U.S. News 6- World Report
managed a sentence, and Newsweek buried the findings in a
broader story about Hillary's troubles. Of the major television
networks, only ABC assigned a reporter to the story, but in the
20 shows Nightline has devoted to Whitewater over the past two
years, the Stephens report has barely been mentioned.

Is it too much to ask that a serious report effectively exon-
erating the Clintons and their associates get more than a pass-
ing mention in the nation's press? If an allegation of wrong-
doing is front-page news, should not an apparent vindication
merit equivalent time and space? Am I cynical to believe that a
damning report would have received more atten-
tion in America's newsrooms? I don't think so. My
instinctive reaction to Stephens' appointment by the
RTC was dead wrong. His final report was thorough,

fair and unbiased. That's more than can be said for

the way it was covered by the national media. When

it comes to Whitewater, good news is no news at all.

George R. Stephanopoulos, Senior Adviser to the

President for Policy and Strategy, Washington

time, march 25, 1996

TRUST YOUR DAY TO SELDANE*

You trained for weeks. Sweated it out.
Pushed hard. Carbed up. All in preparation
for your first lOK. But the inorninj; of the
race, the pollen count was off the chart.
And with your seasonal nasal allergies, you
thought you could run but you couldn't
hide. That's why you may need the
assurance of Seldane.

The Seldane difference

Seldane can give you relief from a range
of major allergy symptoms. Even more
important, Seldane can give you all that
relief while letting you stay alert*— unlike
some over-the-counter remedies that may
leave you feehng spacey or drowsy. (In
clinical studies, Seldane caused no more
drowsiness than a placebo [sugar pill].|

Who should not take Seldane

Seldane isn't for everyone. There are
risks for some people. So read this message
thoroughly to find out specifically who
should not take Seldane.

WARNING: YOU JWUST NOT TAKE
SELDANE if you are also taking the pre-
scription antifungal medicines itracona-
zole (Sporanox®) or ketoconazole (Nizoral®)
or the prescription antibiotics eryth-
romycin, clarithromycin (Biaxin®), or
troleandomycin (TAO®), or if you have
liver disease. DO NOT TAKE MORE
THAN the amount prescribed by your
doctor. Seldane has been associated with
rare occurrences of abnormal heartbeats,
heart attack, and death under these
conditions. Please see unportant additional
mformation on an adjacent page.

Due to similarities in the drugs, it is
also recommended that the antifungal
drugs fluconazole, metronidazole, and
miconazole, and the antibiotic
azithromycin, not he used with Seldane.

Tell your doctor before taking Seldane
if you have any liver or heart problems.
Also, while using Seldane, tell your doctor
if you ever feel faint, become dizzy, or
have any irregular heartbeats.

Do not use Seldane with any other
prescription or nonprescription medicine
without first talking to your doctor. If you
become pregnant or are nursmg a baby,
talk to your doctor about whether you
should take Seldane. Your doctor will
decide whether you should take Seldane
based on the benefits and risks.

It is always important to tell your
doctor about any medicines you are using,
including antifungals and antibiotics.

Your doctor knows what is best for you

Because Seldane is a prescription
medicine, only your doctor, or other
health care professional authorized to
prescribe, can decide if you're a candidate
for it. Ask if you can join the millions of
people who trust their allergies to Seldane.
So on the day of your big race, you'll know
you did your personal best.

To discover how to help control your
seasonal allergies and receive the
FREE, fact-filled allergy newsletter,
AllerDays, call:

1 800 593-3145

(terfenadine) 60 mg tablets

AVAILABLE BY PRESCRIPTION ONLY

Seasonal Allergy Relief That Lets You SKy Alert

■ In clinical studies involving over II, 000 patients, the reported incidence of drowsiness with Seldane
(5.8%) did not differ significantly from placebo (6.9%).
SEE ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON AN ADIACENT ivvGE.

'01996, Hnechst M.irion Rmisscl, Inc.

Brief Summary of

Prescribing Information as of January f 995

SELDANE'

(terfenadine)

60 mg Tablets

WARNING BOX
OT INTERVAL PROLONGATION/VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA
RARE CASES OF SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR ADVERSE EVENTS INCLUDING
DEATH, CARDIAC ARREST TORSADES DE POINTES. AND OTHER VENTRIC
UUR ARRHYTHMIAS. HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN THE FOLLOWING CLINICAL
SEniNGS, FREOUENTLY IN ASSOCIATION WITH INCREASED TERFENADINE
LEVELS WHICH LEAD TO ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC QT PROLONGATION:

1. CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL) OR
ITRACONAZOLE (SPORANOX)

2. OVERDOSE. INCLUDING SINGLE DOSES AS LOW AS 360 MG

3. CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF CURITHROMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN
OR TROLEANDOMYCIN

4. SIGNIFICANT HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION

TERFENADINE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS TAKING KETOCONAZOLE.

ITRACONAZOLE. ERYTHROMYCIN, CLARITHROMYCIN. OR TROLEANDOMYCIN.

AND IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION.

DO NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED DOSE,

IN SOME CASES, SEVERE ARRHYTHMIAS HAVE BEEN PRECEDED BY EPISODES

OF SYNCOPE, SYNCOPE IN PATIENTS RECEIVING TERFENADINE SHOULD LEAD

TO DISCONTINUATION OF TREATMENT AND FULL EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL

ARRHYTHMIAS-

(See CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, AND

PRECAUTIONS: DRUG INTERACTIONS,)

DESCRIPTION

SELDANE (terfenadine) is available as tablets for oral administration Each tablet
contains 60 mg terfenadine. Tablets also contain, as inactive ingredients: corn starch,
gelatin, lactose, magnesium stearate, and sodium bicarbonate
INDICATIONS AND USAGE

SEL'-, lie relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic

rlir ■ , 'I ,™rrhea, pruritus, and lacrimation,

Ciir: ; ' :■■ ■ :, .; lu date have not demonstrated effectiveness of terfenadine

CONTRAINDICATIONS

CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF TERFENADINE WITH KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL)
OR ITRACONAZOLE (SPORANOX) IS CONTRAINDICATED TERFENADINE IS ALS(5
CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS WITH DISEASE STATES OR OTHER CONCOMITANT
MEDICATIONS KNOWN TO IMPAIR ITS METABOLISM, INCLUDING SIGNIFICANT
HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION, AND CONCURRENT USE OF CLARITHROMYCIN, ERYTHRO-
MYCIN, OR TROLEANDOMYCIN QT PROLONGATION HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED IN
SOME PATIENTS TAKING TERFENADINE IN THESE SEHINGS, AND RARE CASES OF
SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS, INCLUDING DEATH, CARDIAC ARREST AND
TORSADES DE POINTES, HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN THESE PATIENT POPULATIONS
(See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS Drug Interactions.)

Terfenadine undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver by a specific cytochrome
P-450 isoenzyme. This metabolic patliway may be impaired in patienis with hepatic
dysfunction (alcoholic cirrhosis, hepalilis) or who are taking diugs inch as ketocona-

zole. Itraconazole, or clarilhm!- "•• ;— i„-,<— .,,^1,, (mjcfoiide

anhbiotics), or other potent in'i' ' ■ .viih this metab-

olism can lead to elevated led' :)l prolongation

and increased risk of ventrn i,|i-;, de polntes,

ventricular tachycardia, and , ' ' ' 'imended dose,

SELDANE IS contraindicafed lor use by patients wilh these conditions (see WARNING
BOX, CONTRAINDICATIONS, and PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions)
Other patients who may be at risk for these adverse cardiovascular events include
patients who may experience new or increased QT prolongation while receiving
cetlain drugs or having conditions which lead to OT prolongation These include
patienis taking certain antiarrhythmics, bepridil. certain psycholropics. probucol. or
asfemizole, patients with electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokaiemia or hypomag-
nesemia, or faking diuretics with potential for inducing electrolyte abnormalilies, and
patients with congenital QT syndrome SELDANE is not recommended tot use by
patienis with these conditions.

The relationship of underlying cardiac disease to the development ol ventricular
tachyarrhythmias while on SELDANE therapy is unclear; nonetheless, SELDANE
should also be used with caution in these patients,
PRECAUTIONS

Patients taking SELDANE should receive the following information and instructions.
Antihistamines are prescribed to reduce allergic symptoms Patients should be advised
to lake SELDANE only as needed and NOT TO EXCEED THE PRESCRIBED DOSE
Patients should be guestioned about use of any other prescription or over the counter
medication and should be cautioned regarding the potential for life threatening arrhyth
mias with concurrent use of keloconazole itraconazole clarithromycin erythromycin
ortnilpimluiii i in PitienI should be advised to consult the physician before concur
iH (ith terfenadine Patients should be guestioned about

fii I irfing SELDANE therapy since the drug should be used

in It the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to fetus

(II 111 instructed to store this medication in a tightly closed

III jiay from heal or direct sunlighl and away from children

DruQ Interactions

Spontaneous adverse reaction reports of pabents taking concomitant keloconazole with
recommended doses of fertenadmi- dfinoiislrate OT mlerval pfolnngilinn and rare
senous cardiac events eg dnll i i i • i lini]

torsades de pointf s Pharni i it

the metabolism of terfenadim i i

of unchanged ferienadine i i 1 1

OT and QTc intervals Concomitanl aiiniuii lialiun ul kelucunazule am] terienadiiie is
ifseeCONTPAINDIIATIONS WARNINb"^ jiid ADVERSE REA(TIONS)

COIIlMllllll 1 Ii'

1 1 1 EALTIONS )

1 liilingflucona

ii 1

1 11 J ij uic concomitant

u Pill 'ill 1 pinrtiiil iilhfeiftnidini i mil r

rommended pending full examination

of potenlial interactions

Macrohdes

pr/fhromycm and chrithiomycin can

exert an effect on terfenadine metabolism 1

that of keloconazole but to a lessei e i

decreases the clearance of the terfenadmr « i

plasma levels is still under investigation A i

prolongation with ventricular arrhythmi i

ull

reported in patients receiving erythromyi m

mromycin or

ININGS and
intcraclions

genicity Microbial and micronucleus test assays with terfenadine have revealed no
evidence of mutagenesis

Reproduction and fertility studies in rats showed no effects on male or female fertility
at oral doses of up to 2f times the human daily dose At 63 times the human daily
dose there was a small but significant reduction in implants and at 125 times the
human daily dose reduced implants and increased post-implantation losses were
observed, which were judged to be secondary to maternal toxicity.
Pregnancy Category C

I I I iffnce of animal teratogenicity Reproduclion studies have been
, 1 111 il doses 63 limes and 125 times the human daily dose and have

ii I I' I I i-J pup weighl gain and survival when tertenadine was administered
III mill I pfqmni/ and lactation There are no adequate and well-controlled
hull III prrqiMnf women SELDANE should be used during pregnancy only if the
|i itrniiii bPiietil |u tides the potential risk to the fetus.
Nonleralonenic Effects

SELDANE IS not recommended for nursing women. The drug has caused decreased
pup weight gam and survival in rats given doses 63 times and 125 times the human
daily dose throughout pregnancy and lactation. Effects on pups exposed to SELDANE
only during lactation are not known, and there are no adequate and well-controlled

studies II

:Use

1 during lactahon

Safety and effectiveness of SELDANE in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years
have not been established
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Cardiovascular Adverse Events

Rare reports of severe cardiovascular adverse effects have been received which
include ventricular tachyarrhythmias (torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia,
ventricular fibrillation, and cardiac arrest), hypotension, palpitations, syncope, and
dizziness Rare reports of deaths resulting from ventricular tachyarrhythmias have
been received (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS: Drug
Interactions), Hypotension, palpitations, syncope, and dizziness could reflect
undetected ventncular arrhythmia, IN SOME PATIENTS, DEATH, CARDIAC ARREST
OR TORSADES DE POINTES HAVE BEEN PRECEDED BY EPISODES OF SYNCOPE
(See WARNING BOX) Rare reports of serious cardiovascular adverse events have
been received, some involving 01 prolongation and torsades de pointes, in apparently
normal individuals without identifiable risk factors: there is not conclusive evidence of
a causal relationship of these events with terfenadine Although in rare cases there
was measurable plasma terfenadine, the implications of this finding with respect to
the variability of terfenadine metabolism in the normal population cannot be assessed
wilhoul further study. In controlled clinical trials in otherwise normal patients with
rhinitis, small increases in QTc interval were observed al doses of 60 mg b,l,d. In
studies at 300 mg b-i,d, a mean increase in QTc of 10% (range -i'/t to +30%) (mean
increase of 46 msec) was observed.
General Adverse Events

Experience from clinical studies, including both controlled and uncontrolled studies
involving more than 2,400 patients who received SELDANE, provides information on
adverse experience incidence for periods of a few days up to six months The usual
dose in these studies was 60 mg twice daily, but in a small number of patients, the
dose was as low as 20 mg twice a day, or as high as 600 mg daily
In controlled clinical studies using the recommended dose of 60 mg b id , the
incidence of reported adverse effects in patients receiving SELDANE was similar to
that reported in patients receiving placebo, (See Table below)

Adverse Events ReponeH in Clinical Trials

Percent of Patients Reporting

Controlled Studies'

All Clinical Studies"

SELDANE

Placebo

Control

SELDANE

Placebo

Adverse Event

n=781

n=665

n=626—

n=2462

n=1478

Central Nervous System

8.1

18,1

8.5

8.2

Headache

7,4

3,8

15.8

11,2

Fatigue

5,8

4.5

3,0

Dizziness

1,1

1,0

1.5

1,2

Nervousness

0.6

1.7

Weakness

0,6

0.2

0.6

Appetite Increase

0.0

0.5

Gastrointestinal System

Gastrointestinal Distress

(Abdominal distress,
Nausea, Vomiting,

Change in bowel habits)

4.6

3,0

2.7

7.6

5,4

Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat

Dry Mouth/Nose/Throat

2,3

1,8

3.5

4.8

3,1

Cough

0,9

2.5

Sore Throat

0,5

3.2

1,6

Epistaxis

0,0

0,8

0.2

0.7

0,4

Skin

Eruption (including rash

and urticaria) or itching

1.0

1,7

1.4

1.6

2,0

■ Duration of treatment in 'CONTROLLED STUDIES' was usually 7-14 days

■ • Duration of treatment in 'ALL CLINICAL STUDIES' was up to 6 months.

"• CONTROL DRUGS: Chlorpheniramine (291 patients). d-Chlorpheniramine (189

patients). Clemastine (146 pabents)
In addition to the more frequent side effects reported in clinical trials (see Table),
adverse effects have been reported at a lower incidence in clinical trials and/or sponta-
neously during marketing of SELDANE that warrant listing as possibly associated with
drug administration These include: alopecia (hair loss or thinning), anaphylaxis,
angioedema, bronchospasm, confusion, depression, galactorrhea, insomnia, menstrual
disoiders (including dysmenorrhea), musculoskeletal symptoms, nightmares, pares-
thesia, photosensitivity, rapid flare of psoriasis, seizures, sinus tachycardia, sweating,
thrombocytopenia, tremor, urinary frequency, and visual disturbances.
In clinical trials, several instances of mild, or in one case, moderate transaminase eleva-
tions were seen in patients receiving SELDANE, Mild elevations were also seen in
placebo treated patients. Marketing experiences include isolated reports of jaundice,
cholestatic hepatitis, and hepatitis. In most cases available information is incomplete,
OVERDOSAGE

Information concerning possible overdosage and its treatment appears in the full
prescribing information

potential interaction c

One tablet (60 mg) twice daily for adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older
USE OF DOSES IN EXCESS OF 60 MG B,I,D IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF
THE INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION AND ADVERSE
CARDIAC EVENTS. (See WARNING BOX) USE OF TERFENADINE IN PATIENTS WITH
SIGNIFICANT HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION AND IN PATIENTS TAKING KETOCONAZOLE,
ITRACONAZOLE, CLARITHROMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN, OR TROLEANDOMYCIN IS
CONTRAINDICATED, (See CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS:
Drug Inferachons)
HOW SUPPLIED
NOC 0068-0723-6f

60 mg tablets in bottles of 100
NOC 0068-0723-65

60 mg tablets in bottles of 500,
Tablets are round, white, and debossed "SELDANE" Store tablets at controlled room
temperature (59-86°F) (15-30°C), Protect from exposure to temperatures above
f04°F(40°C) and moisture
Prescribing Information as ol January 1995
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc,
Subsidiary of Marion Merrell Dow Inc,
Kansas City, MO 641 14
U,S, Patent 4,254,129,
Other patent applications pending,
selb0f95a

IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE NUCLEAR INDUS-

try has failed and that the time has come
for a complete energy transition in this
country. We have the technology and the
ability to use renewable energy. The
risks are too great not to change.

Kathryn Herzog
Minneapolis, Minnesota

YOU TOUCHED ON THE ROOT CAUSE OF

the problem of storing spent fuel rods:
"The Federal Government has never
created a storage site for high-level
radioactive waste." Why not? Who are
the villains? It is we the people, along
witli our elected representatives. Several
sites have been identified as candidates
for nuclear-waste storage, but the wide-
spread "not in my backyard" attitude
has stopped development of the waste-
storage sites for more than 20 years.

Stephen A. Hodgson, Engineer
Galveston, Texas

Cuban Shoot-Down

IF UNARMED CUBAN CESSNAS FLEW OVER

the White House dropping anti- American
literature [Nation, March 4] and contin-
ued to violate U.S. airspace despite
repeated warnings, I would support
President Clinton's decision to shoot
them down in the same way Fidel Cas-
tro okayed firing on the planes of Broth-
ers to the Rescue. Am I the only Ameri-
can who opposes communism and
Castro but believes the embargo only
hurts the Cuban people? Why not an
embargo against civil-rights-violating
communist China?

Karin Anderson
Beverly Hills, California

WE CUBANS KNOW THE PROBLEM OF

the Cuban people is Castro himself. He is
the imperialist one.

Alina Brouwer and Pedro Rivero
Kingston, Jamaica

CUBA IS A NATION AS SOVEREIGN AS THIS

one, even if the politics differ. If Brothers
to the Rescue wants to be part of Castro's
demise, it should take action within
Cuba, instead of tiying to manipulate the
foreign policy of the U.S.

Marie Tagenius
Los Angeles

Buchanan's Plans

PAT BUCHANAN'S VIEWS ON ISOLATIONISM

and economic protectionism [Nation,
March 4] are out of synch with today's
global economy. His policies, such as
scrapping the Nortli American Free Trade
Agreement, would hurt the constituency
he claims to represent: the working class.

Americans are much smarter than
Buchanan gives tliem credit for, and they
will expose tliis man for what ho realK' is,
a pandering opportunist.

Maurice Basldivhc
Moncton. Neiv Iviinsivirk

BUCHANAN'S PL.\N IS TWOFOLD. FIRST,

trade with other countries would be
dependent on dieir allowing us the same
access to Uieir markets that we give them
to ours. Second, Buchanan sends a mes-
sage to those corporate entities that
would take their manufacturing activi-
ties south into the world of $2-an-hour
labor. His message: if you go south, find
a new market for your goods. Neither of
tliose ideas conjures up visions of a wall
around the U.S., except to those who are
taking advantage of the lack of protec-
tion our businesses have or those who
would desert their employees to main-
tain the key to the executive washroom.
John L. Brown
Hollister, Missouri

THOUGH I FIND BUCHANAN MONSTROUS,

what is even more frightening is the ele-
ment that has given him these primary
victories. Deliver us from this evil!

Samuel B. Sutton
New York City

Good Pat, Bad Pat?

Our story "The Case
Against Buchanan"
[Nation, March 4]
prompted a few
readers to come up
with some historical
notes. Rodrigo F.
Sanchez, 13, of Menomonee Falls,
Wisconsin, went so far as to liken
the Republican presidential candi-
date to Robespierre, the French
revolutionary leader who conducted
the Reign of Terror. "Buchanan's
waging popular hell on Washington
and the executives of corporate
America," wrote Sanchez, "reminds
me of Robespierre's endless
rhetoric against the bourgeoisie
who preyed upon France's
greatness." Sanchez noted, howev-
er, that "when Robespierre went
beyond the boundaries, the French
people turned against him." Robert
de Castro of Bridgewater, New Jer-
sey, was concerned that Buchanan's
ideas would head the U.S. into
history in the wrong sense. "While
the rest of the world prepares for
the 21st century," commented De
Castro, "Buchanan would have us
get ready for the 19th."

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THIS MAN EFFECTIVELY ARTICULATES THE

case against a corporate agenda that
treats employees like unwanted chattel.
Buchanan has struck a chord. May it
soon become a chorus!

David Greene
Hamilton, Ontario

The Values Candidate

AS THE TWO LEADING REPUBLICAN PRESI-

dential contenders [Nation, March 4]
battled in our state, citizens tuned out
the talk and watched the walk. On the
same day that Bob Dole met homeless
families at a church-run program,
Buchanan traveled to Mount Rushmore
to declare that he was checking to see if
there was space for his likeness on the
mountain. Who is the values candidate?
Larry Brendtro
Lennox, South Dakota

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HEWLETT^
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NOTEBOOK

iiEvil visited us yesterday,
and we don't know why.f T

—Rati Taylor, headmaster

of the school in Scotland

where a gunman slaughtered

16 children and their teacher

UVm a Muslim first and a
Muslim last. My duty is to my
creator, not to nationalistic
ideology.Tf

—MahmoudAbdul-Raufofthe
Denver Nuggets on not stand-
ing for the natioruil anthem

iiWe have become in the
eyes of the Palestinian
masses an ugly copy of the
Israeli occupation, and it
won't be long before we see
one Palestinian shooting at
another Palestinian in a
police or military uniform. T?
—A senior security officer
in Yasser Arafat's
Palestinian Authority

iiW it helps to make people
think a little bit more what
those ideals are, then I'll
keep wearing this uniform. T?

—Ousted Trekkie-garbed

alternate Whitewater juror

Barbara Adams on the star ship

virtues of peace and inclu^on

Winners & Losers

ANTHEM ANTICS

HAKEEM OLAJUWON

Houston's star immigrant is cast as the "good
Muslim" to Abdul-Raufs "bad IVIuslim"

BASEBALL

America's favorite pastime has long had a
quiet answer: stay in the dugout till it's over

ROSEANNE

Now her shrieking rendition of the anthem at
that Padres game doesn't seem quite so bad

MAHMOUD ABDUL-RAUF

He finally compromises with the N.B.A., but
forget a Wheaties box — and the Dream Team

BASKETBALL

Taking away a man's living just for refusing to
slouch and scratch himself like everyone else?

THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER

All this might have been avoided if only it were
a singable tune — o\ America the Beautiful

TIME, MARCH 25,

NOTEBOOK

Bill's Nemesis: Nader?

IF YOU THINK BILL CLINTON'S ONLY

obstacle to re-election is Bob Dole,
think again. Judging by the volume
of back-channel contacts, some
Democrats are more concerned
about, of all people, Ralph Nader.
The sometimes loopily ascetic
consumer crusader, who plans to
run for the presidency as the candi-
date of the Green Party, told Time
he has been ap-
proached by sever-
al worried Demo-
§ In/WlSr^iL cratic bigwigs,

including members
of Congress and
their staff mem-
bers. Reason: the
latest Field Poll in California shows
Nader drawing 6% of the vote,
which in a tight race might deprive
Chnton of a victory in that must-
win state. Says Bill Press, the state's
former Democratic Party chair-
man: "Historically, elections are
won in California by three to five
percentage points, so [Nader] could
be the margin of difference. A vote
for Nader is a vote for Bob Dole."

Nader laughs at the notion that
he might bow out to help Clinton.
He considers Clinton pro-corporate
America, anti-consumer protection
and as averse to campaign-finance
reform as any Republican. Besides,
Nader adds, "it's hard to be a spoil-
er in a system that is spoiled to its
core." He's already in next week's
California primary.

The White House is taking
Nader seriously, even though he
has not formally said he will run
in November. When Jesse Jack-
son decided not to challenge
Clinton in the primaries, most
Clinton advisers thought they
could move the President to the
right with impunity. No longer.
Says White House counselor Bill
Curry: the Nader candidacy "is a
bad thing."

Nader is more interested in
spreading his message than win-
ning. He is raising no money and
intends to spend less than $5,000
from his own pocket, foreseeing a
campaign of video- and audio-
cassettes. Still, Republicans are ex-
cited aboui his prospects. Says
G.O.P. pollst.n- Bill Mclnturff: "The
Greens are n / favorite little splin-
ter party." — £V Jeffrey H. Birnbaum

WASHINGTON DIARY

Margaret Carlson

Household Finance

Whitewater will never be a mini-series— too much trailer park, too few Gulf-
streams jetting to private islands, amounts in the low-six rather than high-sev-
en figures, and a low quotient of hunks. That may explain why Democrats, who
last May joined a 96-3 vote authorizing the ethically challenged Senator Alfonse
D'Amato to chair the Whitewater Committee, now are holding firm against an
open extension of the hearings. After eight months there's no smoking gun, no
smoking anything, just a simmering stew of subdivided Ozark property vWth-
out sewer lines and endless minutiae about closing costs and mortgage points.
No one knows the protagonists— imagine trying to cast the pudgy David Hale,
a confessed felon and owner of a failed burial insurance company. The best vi-
sual from the first Whitewater trial is already gone: the Trekkie alternate juror
in Vulcan regalia. The wonder is that she was beamed up at all.

Meryl Streep would make a good Hillary— excellent at
dramatizing pain in a marriage— but surely she would choke
on this line from James B. Stewart's Blood Sport: "You can't be
a woman if you don't have children. It's the central mission of
women," which Hillary wouldn't utter at her most wonkish. In
the end, it's not suiprising that Hillary, rather than the Gover-
nor, may have been more involved in Whitewater. Political
wives are often left to build a nest egg while their husbands are Hillary Streep r
building empires— see Marianne Gingrich (who has taken heat for career leap- S
ing horn beauty consultant to representative of the Israel Export Development °
Company) and Honey Alexander (a deal cutter so successful she could do in- S
fomercials on how to turn $5,000 into $142,000). While the men grapple with
macro-finances of the M-1 variety, it falls to their wives to micro-manage
tuitions, mortgages and iRAs. Even the aggressively un-Hillary Elizabeth Dole
has made— and invested— much of the Dole money.

The wild success of the No. 3 TV show, Friends, is more un-
derstandable in light of last week's Census Bureau report,
which shows that the average age at which people wed has
cHmbed to a record level— 26.7 for men and 24.5 for women.
Never-married adults now make up a quarter of the over-18
population. That's 44.2 million people with enough free time
to drink double their weight in coffee daily, get precision hair-
cuts that fall rakishly into the eyes without totally obstructing Unwed Friend
vision, and watch a show on which people do all of the above. When they do fi-
nally wed maybe the Starbucks generation wiU cause less pain in their marriages
than the yuppies did.

Hang a lamb chop in the window and they will come used to
be the reigning social doctrine in Washington. But now that
the new ethics rules require Senators and Representatives to
pay their own way, they stayed away in droves from Placido
Domingo's gala, which raised $2.6 million for the Washing-
ton Opera last Sunday. Colin Powell and Ross Perot bought
the $1,250 tickets, but tliey aren't used to having someone else
pick up the tab— yet.

Hillary dropped by James Carville's book party Thursday night at The
Palm, and explained her reason for the surprise visit in a thick Arkansas ac-
cent: "I'm a pushover for sweet-talking Southern boys. I know where they're
coming from, but I still fall for it." Maybe a mini-series after all. Streep does
wonderful accents. ■

time, march 25, 1996

Volvo is the only car company in the world that has 2 front and 2 side impact air bags standard in every
new car. Doesn't give you goose bumps, huh? Well, maybe the fact that the Volvo 960 also has a powerful
24-valve, 6-cylinder engine and highly advanced 4-wheel independent suspension, will. See, safety can
be fun. For more information, call or contact Volvo at 1-800-960-9988 or http://www.volvocars.com.
Drive safely. VOU^-VO

NOTEBOOK

Iran: Maybe We Didn't Mean It

When Iran's official news agency described the suicide
bombings in Israel as "divine retribution," the Tehran
government, in its current attempt at moderation, v^^ent
through public hoops to disavow the sentiments and to
regret the loss of life. All of which makes a recent round
of Iranian diplomacy more than a little embarrassing.
Just before the murderous last spate of bombings in Is-
rael, Hasan Habibi, Vice President of Iran, visited Syria
for what amounted to a pep rally for Middle East terror-
ism. Gathered at Iran's embassy in Damascus were the
leaders of such Palestinian extremist groups as Hizbal-
lah, Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation
of Palestine-General Command and Hamas.

Habibi congratulated the Hamas representatives on
the previous bombings in Israel and urged them to keep
up the attacks. Habibi promised more financial aid and ex-
tra training at bases in Lebanon supported by the Iranian
Revolutionary Guard. Tehran said it would also press
Damascus to let Hamas fighters continue to operate in
Syria and in Syrian-controlled sectors of Lebanon. After
the latest attacks, will all these be empty promises?

The Price of a Photo-Op

So what did Bill Clinton have to endure for his photographic
coup of getting 29 world leaders to stand shoulder-to-shoulder
against terrorism? Opening statements, lots of opening state-
ments—as in 250 minutes of self-congratulatory remarks from
all the global egos present. They went on so long that Clinton,
having flown overnight aboard Air Force One with a ram-
bunctious King Hussein of Jordan as a roommate, periodically
verged on nodding off. In fact, the hour allotted for the actual
meeting of the leaders had to be cut back to 20 minutes be-
cause of the remarks. In any case, negotiations weren't the
reason for the summit in the first place. A picture is worth at
least $100 million, the amount Clinton pledged to Israel the
next day toward an antiterror campaign.

THE GOOD NEWS

HEALTH

THE BAD NEWS

• Is chicken really foul? A consumer group
charges that 25% of raw chickens harbor Salmo-
nella and 90% are contaminated with Campylo-
bacter, an equally stomach-sickening and poten-
tially deadly bacterium. The study blames the
practice of immersing carcasses in hot water to
loosen feathers; the report, disputed by the poul-
try industry, says the water is not hot enough to
kill the bacteria and encourages them to spread.

• Look, Ma— no cavities in more than 50% of to-
day's school-age children, compared v^dth 25% of
kids in the early '70s. fluoridated water and bet-
ter dental care are reasons why.

• A new form of the blood-thinning drug he-

parin may enable patients with potentially dan-
gerous BLOOD CLOTS to be treated at home, two
studies find. Traditional heparin must be admin-

REPORT

istered intravenously at a hospital.

..,r.^^„ Ur,.A^nc fr^„Ul^ ^^^r.^.^^ „«..^,>e ^^r^ci^^r

• To be screened for heart disease, people are sub
an exercise stress test or injected with radioactive
before undergoing an X-ray. Now research show
ultrafast cat-scan can do the job just as weU. The sc
speedy "stop motion" pictures of the heart that spot
artery-clogging deposits.

Sources— GOOD NEWS: American Dental Association; New Eniland Journal of Medicine; emulation BA

iected to this: a study suggests that the metabolic rate of overweight
thalhum black women at rest is about 5% slower than for whites.

an takes • Thunderstorms, say scientists, can trigger asthma at-

:oronary tacks— even in people who have never had one. Water and

wind gusts release asthma-triggering particles from pollen.

NEWS: Center for Science in the Public Interest; Fourth International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, British Medical Journal

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

DOES SHE DO DIAPERS?

i^Can you imagine me
with a woman old enough
to be my wife?... My girl-
friend is 25 years old —

perfect. 7 7— HOLLYWOOD VETERAN
TONY CURTIS, 70, IN GQ MAGAZINE

LOCAL HEROES

TONY BROWN, 18, BROWNING,
MONT.; high school wrestler
Brown survived a horrific train acci-
dent last April that resulted in the
amputation of both legs below the
knee. But after intensive rehab,
the high school wrestler refused to
give up his sport. By adjusting his
skills and maneuvers, he continued
to compete — without the use of his
prostheses. At a state meet last
month, he placed sixth out of 16
finalists at 105 lbs. His coach, Steve
Komac, calls him "one of the most
courageous people I've ever met."

DAN LAWRENCE, 45, HUMBOLDT
COUNTY, CALIF.; radio DJ
After two tours of duty in Vietnam,
Lawrence developed cancer, which
doctors believe was caused by
Agent Orange. His vocal cords were
removed as part of treatment, and
he talks via a laptop computer and
voice synthesizer. Still, since Feb-
ruary, he has been host of D/gifa/
flflus/c Zone on khum-fm, which
features tunes from the Vietnam
War era. Facing more surgery, he
nevertheless urges listeners to
"jump into the river of life."

CALVIN TRILLIN

All the Lovely Pigeons

■ SUPPOSE IT'S STILL FAINTLY POSSIBLE THAT THOSE WHO ENGINEERED THE
mysterious snatching of 4,000 pigeons from Trafalgar Square had only the
best interests of the pigeons at heart. There is that ray of hope to clmg to.

I can imagine many people in England trying to reassure one another with
such thoughts as they read increasingly grim speculation about the pigeons
in the morning papers. "Don't look so glum, AJfie," Alfie's wife says, as she
puts the eggs and grilled tomato and thick-cut bacon in front of him. "Maybe
this was some nice gentleman who has a home for older pigeons in a lovely
part of Sussex where they don't have to be around those nasty foreigners."

It may be, of course, that Alfie was looking glum because,
breakfast traditionally being the only edible meal in England,
he knew his day had already peaked well before 9 in the
morning. But he was probably thinking of those pigeons. The
English are known for having almost unlimited sympathy for
animals that are unromantic or even animals that Americans
might describe as having been hit upside the head with an
ugly stick. The United Kingdom is a country in which the
monarch harbors corgis.

A corgi looks as if it were put together with the unrelated
body parts of three or four other breeds— the parts, as it hap-
pens, that each breed most longed to get rid of when it looked
in the mirror eveiy morning. ("If I could just get some other
dog to take this little sausage of a torso, I could go places on
these legs.")

Apparently, there was at first hope that the pigeons had
been taken by some poor lad who desperately wanted
to race pigeons but lacked the wherewithal to buy
his own flock. Alfie was able to imagine the
Trafalgar Square pigeons soaring gracefully over
the Somerset moors or being pampered by a
kindly pigeon fancier like that nice detective on
mTD Blue.

But I heard on the radio that the pigeon-
racing authorities dismissed that theory, explaining that Trafalgai Square
pigeons are too old and out of shape to be competitive racers.

"I was thinking they might have special races for older birds," Alfie may
have said when that news came out. "Like the over-50 division in tennis."

I have to say that I was pessimistic from the start. Any sensible analysis
of the case has to start with a brutal but undeniable fact: people eat pigeons.

When the New American Cuisine began to take hold in Northern Cah-
fornia, I remember beginning each visit to San Francisco by checking to
make certain there were still pigeons in the parks. My fear was that between
my trips to the city, afl the poor birds might have been snatched up, smoked
and sewed on a bed of radicchio.

I don't think the Trafalgar Square caper indicates that smoked pigeon on
radicchio has replaced bangers and mash in the hearts of the English. The
pigeons could be sei-ved as anything. As Escoffier, or one of them, may have
said, "Chopping up is the great leveler."

In fact, a young man, who told The Sun that he had taken 1,500 of the
pigeons and sold them to a middleman, said, "As far as I know, they go to
cuny houses all over Britain."

We all hope he's wrong. People who would snatch Trafalgar Square
pigeons for restaurant stewpots would snatch almost any animal, no matter
how repulsive— although the Queen will be relieved to hear they'd probably
draw the line at corgis. ■

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

I only ask lv\'o ihing.s when I fly. IIow mLicln lime can
I sa\L\-' And how coniloi lalile can I be?

Whicli is why I like World Business Class" from Northwest
Airlines and KLM. The Northwest hub in Detroit helps me
connect to Asia two or three hours faster than other airlines.

And they give business flyers like me more space.
They've added legroom, reclined the seats further, and that
really helps, sleeping-wise. More than adecjuate for someone
my size, and I'm six three.

...faster
to Asia
than any
other
iriine."

My business philosophy is no big secret, 'tou have to stay
one step ahead. You've got to continually look for advantage.

And time-travel-saving several hours or even half a day-
is a big one.

-1^

ikuk. Thailand

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NOT K 13 () O K

MILESTONES

KIESLOWSKI IN 1992

EDWARDS IN 1962

HUNTER IN 1960

SENTENCED. JAMES WATT, 58, Reagan-
era Secretary of the Interior; to com-
munity service and a $5,000 fine; af-
ter pleading guilty to attempting to
influence a grand jury looking into his
lobbying activities; in Washington.

DIED. KRZYSZTOF KIESLOWSKI, 54,

master Polish filmmaker; after heart-
bypass surgery; in Warsaw. An Oscar
nominee last year for Red, he made
daunting, haunting studies of passion
and alienation on the grand scale, as
in his 10-hour Decalogue, which dra-
matizes the Ten Commandments in a
Warsaw high-rise, and his Three Col-
ors trilogy (Blue, White, Red), in
which troubled souls in France,
Poland and Switzerland come to
terms with a dark obsession. In 1994
Kieslowski said he was quitting films;
he just wanted "to sit alone in a room
and smoke." He left behind some of
the most elegant and intelligent films
of the past decade.

DIED. VINCE EDWARDS, 67, actor; of
pancreatic cancer; in Los Angeles. As

Dr. Ben Casey, he was surly, sarcastic,
short-tempered— and that's just how
he treated his friends. Yet TV viewers
in the 1960s couldn't get enough of
the neurosurgeon or of Edwards, who
portrayed the combative Casey as the
polar opposite of his ratings rival, the
saintly Doctor Kildare (played by
Richard Chamberlain). Prior to Ben
Casey, Edwards was a B-movie gang-
ster. After, he appeared in forgettable
film and TV work, including the in-
evitable Return of Ben Casey in 1988.

DIED. ROSS HUNTER, 74, producer; of
lymphoma; in Los Angeles. Hunter's
movies were rarely mistaken for art—
or for anyone else's work. From
weepers (1954's Magnificent Obses-
sion) to musicals (Thoroughly Modern
Millie in 1967) to comedies (a brace of
Doris Day films) to dramas (1970's
Airport), the typical Hunter product
offered a high-calorie menu of top-
priced Hollywood stars, expensive
sets and sumptuous costuming that
gave tragedy and melodrama a gloss
of glamour.

20 YEARS
AGO IN TIME

Watergate, the Movie

When Robert Redford bought
the screen rights to All the
President's Men, he had little
idea of the snags that lay in
store. One was his hiring of
Butch Cassidy and the Sun-
dance Kid scriptwriter Wil-
liam Goldman, who put empha-
sis on off-color newsroom
humor. The move caused an up-
roar: "The Post nearly backed
out of the project then, and
[Executive Editor Benjamin
C] Bradlee was blunt with
Redford. 'Just remember,
pal,' he said, 'that you go off
and ride a horse or jump in
the sack with some good-
looking woman in your next
film — but I am forever an
asshole.' Redford was im-
pressed: 'I've met few people
who were as conscious of
their position — and how to
keep It.' " —March 29, 1976

Cover: Dustin

Hoffman

and Robert

Redford

as the

Washington

Post

reporters

who land the

story of the

century

WHERE ARE T

SOONG MEI-LING, 97; MANHATTAN
Former First Lady of China
The widow of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-
shek, Madame Chiang— as she came to be
known — ^was the most charming and per-
suasive of China's notoriously influential
Soong family. As her husband's emissary,
she pleaded for the Allies to support China in its war against
Japan, taking Washington by storm in 1943 when she ad-
dressed a joint session of Congress. Defeated by the commu-

nists in 1949, the Chiangs fled to Taiwan, where he ruled until
his death in 1975. Estranged from his successor, her stepson,
she divided her time between Taiwan and the U.S. Now settled
in New York City, she leads a quiet life of Methodist prayer, vis-
iting old friends and avoiding politics. Still, appearing last week
at a controversial exhibition of treasures her husband took
from the mainland, she couldn't resist a veiled reference to the
current Taiwan crisis. Says Metropolitan Museum of Art direc-
tor Philippe de Montebello: "She spoke with majesty of the en-
during and unifying quality of art in times of political turmoil."

g.iiiujiJ>^iiyi>j,MiMJJiiJjjJAiiJJM,iffi.',i!mgH;»iffliBffl!iPffii,imfim

Michael Quinn, Jeffery C. Rubin and Douglas Wall

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

'licii vcni 1)11,1 I [
lealK capable \ch)cics on ttie pU'inet, you
niii^ht <is well take the opportunity to see
all ol It Thats what we've been dotns; tor
the last I'lttv veaus Journeying to tlie far-
tliMiii taking on everv form ot unbridled
tortuie imaginable Sold in over 1(H) coun-
tries, Land Rox'crs now roam the world bv
the thousands So call l-8()()-Fl\I-: 4\\1)
and see where our obsessi\'c commitment
to the master,' ot 4x4 eni^ineering gets vou
Because as it turns out, it's gotten us pre-
cisely where we want to be everywhere.

DEFENDER 90

The Defender, a direct descendant of
the original Land Rover built in 1948,
is luimitigated muscle. It's ruggedly
designed, incredibly capable, and
considered by many the foremost off-
road vehicle in the world.

DISCOVERY

Along with all the toughness you'd
expect from a Land Rover, the
Discovery is decidedly civilized. It's
perfect for the challenges of every-
day life, in town or in the Serengeti.

: drive has gotten us nowhere.

RANGE ROVER

The Range Rover is undoubtedly the
most advanced Land Rover ever
designed. It boasts a peerless combi-
nation of kixur}', security, and on- and
off-road performance. Ver>' simply, it
has no equal.

M A T I O N

BOB & BILL'S BB

How do you cook up laws and roast each other at the same time? Dole and Cli

By RICHARD STENGEL

BIOLOGISTS CALL IT SYMBIOSIS:
the living together in more or
less intimate association of
different, sometimes hostile
species in which each exploits
the other to its own maximum
advantage. In rare cases, such
as parasitic wasps, creatures
use each otlier for survival before one de-
stroys the other. This is not unlike the
current political morphology involv-
ing the genus Presidentum Candi-
datus, witli those two familiar
species, Robert Dole, Republican
challenger, and BiU Clinton,
Democratic incumbent.

Washington, as any
biologist will tell you, is
cmeler than nature, and
for the next few months ri-
vals Clinton and Dole will

find themselves in more or less intimate as-
sociation, mutually dependent but whole-
heartedly trying to annihilate each other.

For the next few months, the presiden-
tial campaign has shifted from the green
fields of the Republic to the hard pavement
of Pennsylvania Avenue. Forbes has folded,
and Pat Buchanan remains on the hustings,
a distant and noisy drummer. The scenario
presents a curious and unique sit-
uation in American his-
tory, a Senate ma-

* J /

jority leader and a President, opposing can-
didates in a general election, who must
work out some modus operandi while try-
ing to knife each other in the back. (The
only sitting Republican Senator— not even a
majority leader— elected President in this
centuiy was Warren Harding. His slogan:
"Return to Normalcy.") For the next few
months, voters will be able to observe a
complex, multilevel game in which Dole
<md ("linton will be constantly analyzing
\v hois hurt or helped by different legislative
strategies. At this point, neither knows what
the other is going to do. "I get mixed sig-
nals." says Dole. "Some say he really wants
to get things done. Others say he could
caie less." Clinton's camp is waiting for
Dole to make the first move.

When Bob Dole decided to run for
['resident, a small voice inside him,
the voice of the Depression kid from
hardscrabble Russell, Kansas, said,
"Bob, don't quit your day job."
And he didn't. Flying back to
Washington last week on his
campaign plane after wrapping
up the nomination fight. Dole
confided that he was "anxious to
get back to work." Back to work?
In other words. Dole was done ^
moonlighting as a Repub-
lican primaiy candidate
and now wanted to re-
turn to his real
work, the job

he knows and
loves and does bet-
ter than anyone else.
Last week, sitting in
what is probably his favorite
spot in the world— the narrow
balcony between his office and
e Senate floor, a place where no
voters can pester him, where no one
can ask him why he lacks vision— Dole
turned his peipetually tanned face to the^
late winter sun and did what comes natu-^
rally: he talked shop. From his lap heg
plucked a neatly folded piece of paper and ^
ticked off a list of bills. Farm bill. "Have to 3
do that." Line-item veto. "That's some-n
thing they [the Democrats] want." Small- m

J-—- -—

rWAY BAKE-OFF

311 are about to show what happens when the campaign comes to Washington

.r^

business regulatoiy reform. "That's bipar-
tisan. That will pass, probably 90 to 6."
And on and on down the list: health
care insurance, term limits, campaign
finance reform and a balanced bud-
get. Pure Dole, so comfortable with '
legislative jargon, so uncomfortable
with campaign rhetoric: '"When we
leave here for the convention, if we've
got a pretty good list of things we've
passed, the President can veto them but
we can make our case." You want vision?
Bob Dole has found his vision: a legislative
to do list. No one can check off items
like Dole. Remember George Bush,
~s, also vision challenged, who said,
ip "Message: I care." Dole's ver-
W sion: "Message: I do."
^ Dole knows he's a better

/ legislator than campaigner, so
his strategy is to campaign by leg-
islating. His frequent refrain— "I'm
a doer, not a talker"— can be demon-
strated only by actually passing leg-
islation. Unlike Newt Gingrich, who
plots grand, overarching designs, Dole
takes things as they come up, picking allies
and sizing up enemies as necessary. It's as
though he thinks it's bad luck to plan ahead.
The Dole strategy is to depict himself as the
driving force of change while portraying
Clinton as the defender of the status quo:
Senator Change vs. President Veto. Don
Sipple, Dole's top strategist, sums it up this
way: "We've got an agenda for change. The
only question is whether Clinton gets on
board or stands in the way."

But Dole's path is a dangerous one
In his perfect legislative world, hi
could calibrate bills so cleverly, pack
them so guilefully, that he would look
good if Clinton signed and Clinton
would look bad if he didn't. (Imagine
Bill's Dilemma: Will it hurt me with my lib-
eral base if I sign it? Will it poison me with
Perot voters if I don't?) But Dole's woild is
changed now. He must reckon with a pos-
sibly uncooperative House, led by fractious
freshmen who suspect Dole of selling out
and last week pleaded with Dick Armey to
be their champion. He must deal with the
Senate minority leader, Tom

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

N A T I O N

WINNER TAKES ALL: Dole celebrates his Super Tuesday victory with his daughter Robin, his wife Elizabeth and a delighted Newt Gingrich

with children. Veto. We sent him welfare

Daschle, and the filibustering Democrats
doing their damnedest to obstruct and wa-
ter down any legislation.

Then there's the larger question. In a
time when many voters love to hate Wash-
ington, do you benefit ft-om showing your
skills as Beltway Bob? Dole has to won-
der: Will cooperating with
Cfinton make me look
weak, like a junior Presi-
dent? And just how do you
make a complex legislative
agenda sound like a coher-
ent message? Especially
when the candidate is
more comfortable talking
about continuing resolu-
tions and getting a bill out
of committee than paint-
ing a glowing picture of a
rising America. The prob-
lem for Dole is that passing
legislation during a presidential campaign is
not about the fine print— it's about winning
the battle of perception.

Dole's strategy has another potential
flaw. On the campaign trail. Dole has been
scoring points with lines like this: "We sent
the President a balanced budget. He ve-
toed it. We sent him tax cuts for families

In the current
firmament, Dole
proposes, Clinton
disposes. And in
so doing, Dole
could even keep
Clinton consistent

reform. Veto." But what happens to the
Dole strategy when Clinton starts signing
on the dotted line? A Dole campaign aide
inadvertently points this out while trying to
prop up his candidate. "[Dole] complains
that Clinton is against welfare reform and
against a balanced bud-
get," says the aide. "If we
had deals on each of
those issues, he wouldn't
be saying that." But Dole
is counting on the desire
of moderate lawmakers
to get something done in
an election year, and the
goodwill of voters who
will see that Dole is try-
ing to do just that. The
path is tricky, but consid-
er the alternative: cam-
paigning. "We don't have
any money," laments a Dole aide.

History shows that the White House
has natural advantages. Take this past
week. The President was making peace
and photo ops in a Middle East desert,
while the nominee was specifying how to
ease the Social Security earnings test. The
beauty of incumbency is that the President

can sit back and wait. In the current polit-
ical firmament. Dole proposes, Clinton dis-
poses. And in so doing. Dole could even
force Cfinton to show something fike con-
sistency. The President the Dole campaign
accuses of "talking right and governing
left" could become the President who real-
ly does, finally, end welfare as we know it.
The President also has the luxury of de-
picting himself as a man of accomplish-
ment if he signs a bill and as a fighter
against extremism if he vetoes it.

Clinton aides believe that the Presi-
dent ultimately wins in the public mind if
the government appears to be functioning.
Signing will be his strategy, starting with a
welfare-reform biU close to the version be-
ing proposed by a seven-member execu-
tive committee of the National Governors'
Association. Clinton's veto of the Republi-
can bill he once described as draconian has
yielded changes in his favor. The Gover-
nors provided $4 billion more in child-care
funding than the congressional conference
report recommended.

The same strategy goes for the line-
item veto. So what if it was part of the Con-
tract with America? Clinton wants it. The
Republicans can moan when he uses it and
moan when he doesn't. At best, Clinton

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

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will have it for one appropriations cycle be-
fore the election, and he can use it to reject
programs he will describe as extremist.

As President, Clinton also has the ad-
vantage of being able to step away from any
imbroglios and take his show on the road,
where he still has $26 million to spend.
While Dole is dealing with the nitt)'-gritt> of
getting bills to the floor, Clinton can float
above it by making crowd-pleasing speech-
es about "values" like protecting the
environment, discouraging smoking, insti-
tuting the V chip and wearing school uni-
forms. Like Ronald Reagan in 1984, he can
even campaign against Washington. ,\1-
ready Clinton is airing ads in which he talks
about the need "to cherish our children and
strengthen America's families." Can't argue
with that. And talk about Alice in Wonder-
land logic and appropriating Republican
themes: the Democratic National Conmiit-
tee is running an ad about welfare that
might have been written by Reagan, "i^'am-
ilies destroyed. Children's dreams lost,"
says the narrator. "No work, no
welfare— rescue children from the
destructive welfare system." Bob
Dole, phone home.

As the early Clinton ads sug-
gest, Clinton is already where
Dole needs to be. It was Nixon's
commonplace advice to run to the
right in the primaries, then back to
the left in the general election. But
Clinton is already staking his claim
to that voter-rich region, and to
the issues that were once the do-
main of Republicans. This week
the man who proclaimed in the
State of the Union address that
"the era of Big Government is
over" will release his 1997 budget and call
for a balanced budget, which has basically
been Dole's main theme on the trail.
"Dole's big problem," says Republican
strategist Ed Rollins, "is that the only is-
sues he owns are ones that are not attrac-
tive for a fall campaign: abortion and
deficit reduction."

Republicans on the Hill see the writing
on the wall. They are no longer talking
about tying the debt limit to pet causes.
They don't want another train wreck. And
despite all the odds, voters may be sur-
prised to see that legislation gets passed
and signed during this symbiotic presiden-
tial season. "I think it helps us both," says
Dole, hopefully. Perhaps voters will decide
Washington isn't such a terrible place after
all. In the end they might just opt for the
Pennsylvania Avenue Dream Ticket: Clin-
ton-Dole. With Dole doing, Clinton signing
and both of them taking credit, why make
a change at all? —Reported by Michael Duffy,
J.F.O. McAllister and Karen Tumulty/Washington

LEADER OF THE BLOCK PARTY

S THE PRESIDENTIAL-CAMPAIGN BATTLEGROUND SHIFTS TO WASHINGTON,

Tom Daschle seems an odd candidate for the role he is about to play as Pres-
ident Clinton's first line of defense on Capitol Hill. A shght and boyish-
llooking man of 48, he had never managed a major bill before becoming
Senate Democratic leader last year. Almost incapable of eye-to-eye engagement
with the television camera, he prefers to read his speeches, softly and deliber-
atel\-, from behind a pair of glasses. "He looks hke a choirboy," sighs veteran
South (Carolina Democrat Fritz Hollings, a fire breather.

But to the surprise of his allies and his foes, the South Dakota Democrat has
proved remarkably skillful at marshaling his outnumbered Senate forces into an
almost insurmountable obstacle to the G.o.p. agenda. One by one, they have
buried almost every item in the Contract with America. And where the G.O.P.
has managed to get critical bills passed in the Senate— on welfare reform, for in-
stance—the Democrats have generally reshaped them, sanding off enough of the
ideological edges to sour the victory for many Republicans.

In his early, often rocky months as minority leader, Daschle's most delicate
task was to distance Senate Democrats from Clinton and what the Senator's own
advisers called an "aura of failure surrounding the Democratic Party." Now
he faces an almost opposite challenge. "I have to be certain that the Senate
floor doesn't become the presidential-
5^ campaign megaphone for Bob Dole,
and to a certain extent, we can do that
h by keeping the Republican majority in
j^ ',; check," Daschle says. "I also have to be
^w S sure that any legislation out of the Sen-
ate has as much a Democratic stamp as
a Republican one, so the President can
claim as much credit as Bob Dole."

So far it seems to be working. Last
week, under pressure from Daschle's
troops. Senate Republicans dismayed
their counterparts in the House when
they added $2.7 billion for education
demanded by Clinton to a spending bill
that would keep the government oper-
ating for the rest of the year. In scoring
these victories, Daschle has a time-
honored weapon at his disposal, one that Dole put to good use in the past— the fil-
ibuster. With enough party discipline, it makes the minority leader unstoppable.
Whereas House Democrats have regularly fractured. Senate Democrats have yet
to lose the seven defectors it would take to break a Daschle-backed filibuster.

When Daschle was elected to the job by a one-vote margin 15 months ago,
virtually eveiy Senate Democrat of stature lined up against him. The barons who
lost their chairmanships in the wake of the 1994 Democratic rout quietly re-
cruited Connecticut's Chris Dodd to run against him, arguing that someone with
Daschle's inexperience would be no match for Gingrich's gale-force approach to
legislating or Dole's awesome mastery of the game.

But amid the towering egos of the Senate, what works for Daschle is some-
thing entirely different: he has inexhaustible patience for finding a consensus.
"He gets eveiybody; he doesn't lose anybody," says West Virginia's Jay Rocke-
feller. "That's easier when you're in the minority, but for Democrats, it's never
easy." Daschle's colleagues still question whether the quiet tenacity that has
served him so well as an obstructionist will become a liability if the Democrats
regain control of the Senate and are once again called upon to set the agenda,
rather than thwart it. For now, though, even the Republicans acknowledge
Daschle's effectiveness, at least in a backhanded way. "They made us jump a lot
of hoops," says Dole. But then Dole knows better than anyone else the value of
that tactic. "That's part of leadership," he adds. —By Karen Tumulty/Washington

Daschle: Holding up the Contract

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

NATION

The Lone Ranger

Bob Dole was never one to surround himself with
advisers. But now? They've got him surrounded

By MICHAEL DUFFY WASHINGTON

IN THE MOMENTS THAT HAVE MATTERED
most in Bob Dole's life, he has found him-
self alone. He was alone when he charged
up a rocky hill to a German machine-gun
nest, to be torn apart by an artillery shell.
That experience took him to places where no
one could help him. The surgeons could do
only so much. His mother, who would have
done anything for him, couldn't do anything
when she came upon him hanging from the
rafters of their garage by his shattered arm,
trying to make it work again.

Twice before he has lost his party's
nomination, and now that he is finally on
the verge of clinching it, he finds himself
again alone in a place he has never been
before: in the finals, facing a formidable
incumbent President. The new experience
has left the Candidate of Experience
"somewhat off balance," says a top aide, a
little unsure of his next move. So early next
month Dole is going to take a week off, fly
to Florida, sit in the sun outside his con-
dominium and then gather around him a
group of wise men and women to think
through the campaign. Just holding such a
meeting is unusual for Dole, who has never
been quick to seek or take advice. "He has
no peers," says a top aide. "He has col-
leagues; he has friends. But all his real peers
are dead. He's outlived them all."

Dole has captured one of politics' great-
est prizes without one of the most important
ingredients of any successful campaign: a
tight circle of trusted advisers who can tell

him when he's right, when he's wrong and
when he needs to shape up. Dole simply
believes he knows more about politics
than anyone else. The last man whose ad-
vice he wholly trusted was Richard Nixon.
"That was the only time I ever saw him sit
up and sit still for more than 10 minutes
and listen," said Tom Korologos, describ-
ing a trip the two men made to the sage of
Saddle River a few years back. Otherwise,
Dole has preferred to keep his own counsel
and even make fun of anyone who tries to
change him. When an aide recently gave
him an advance text of a speech, the candi-
date quipped with trademark sarcasm, "Let
me show this to my council of advisers." He
pushes back when pushed too hard. When
Senator Al D'Amato of New York urged
Dole two weeks ago to attend a debate
before the Texas primary— "You gotta go,"
D'Amato said, "you gotta go"— Dole teased,
"Well, if you want me to, I won't."

After 35 years in Washington, Dole has
an astonishingly small circle. He has a co-
terie of old friends, including Democratic
Party viceroy Bob Strauss and Archer
Daniels Midland Co. chairman Dwayne
Andreas, but he does not seek their coun-
sel. Other than his wife Elizabeth, who is an
ad hoc adviser on nearly everything. Dole's
inner circle is made up of Senators Pete
Domenici of New Mexico, John McCain of
Arizona and Bob Bennett of Utah, and
even they say they are not sure what he
absorbs. He taps experts on specific policy
matters when he needs them— including
his chief of staff, Sheila Burke, and adviser

Robert Lighthizer— but does most of the|
political thinking himself. >

Whether or not he goes looking for ad- 8
vice, advisers come looking for him. Two|
weeks ago, a group of Senators approached 3
Dole and urged him to use them regularly §
as sounding boards. A few days later, theyn
faxed talking points on trade and other j
matters to his campaign plane; Dole sur-g
prised them by using the material. Mean-|
while, campaign manager Scott Reed hasj
reached out to a group of elected officials, ?
from House Speaker Newt Gingrich to;
New Hampshire Governor Steve Merrill,?
to help Dole sharpen his message. i

People who aspire to counsel him have§
learned they must do it obliquely. Before f?
the South Carolina debate in February, |
McCain urged Dole to smile more, and like J,
a high school drama coach, he planted?
himself in the front row and smiled widely.-
through the entire forum. Two weeks ago,S
Dole was diluting the emotional high point"
of his speech— his painful convalescence— S
by rambling on about other things, like?
Bosnia. Utah's Bennett, who was travelings
with Dole, waited a few hours after one]'
run-on speech and then pulled Dole aside?
in a relaxed moment. "When you've told;
the story of Russell," said Bennett, "theS
speech is over. That's it." At the next event, s
Dole brought the room to a hush with the ?
story of his recovery; he was clearly «
"aching" to go on, recalls Bennett, but
closed quickly with "God bless America."

Members of Dole's inner circle don't
know if any of this advice will stick. When
he returned to the Senate Wednesday
morning, dozens of his colleagues were
waiting outside his office with ideas about
how to beat Bill Clinton. They grabbed him
in the halls and cornered him at lunch and
handed him notes, so that by afternoon he
had to flee the building for a little peace.
But if he doesn't always heed would-be ad-
visers. Dole at least remembers what they
say: it's a skill he learned long ago, by him-
self, when he couldn't write things down. ■

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

N A T I O N

How (Very)
Green Was
My Valley

Bottoming out in the
presidential race can
still pay off big time for
the losing candidates

By RICHARD LACAYO

WHAT WITH STEVE FORBES AND ROSS
Perot, a lot has been said lateK
about rich men crowding into
presidential politics. But that miss-
es half the story. An unsuccessful run for
the White House is a matchless opportuni-
ty to acquire wealth, not just flaunt it. In
war it may still be the victors who get the
spoils. In presidential politics, losing pays
better. Whoever wins in November can
look forward to a $200,000 annual salary, a
White House ringed with tank barriers and
a Camp David getaway that's been de-
scribed as "a medium-quality boys' camp
without the horses." The also-rans are in
the fast lane to Candy Land.

First the speaking fees. Robert Bamett is
the contract negotiator for vice-presidential
losers Geraldine Ferraro and Dan Quayle
and First Lady coulda-been Kitty Dukakis.
In his calculation, an articulate candidate
who departs the field with an honorable dis-
charge—no scandals, a statistically de-
tectable base of voter support— "can do five
or six speeches a month, at fees ranging from
$10,000 to $30,000 a speech, for a year at a
minimum." Arithmetic: $600,000 to $2.1
million in the first year.

Books? Publishing insiders say a high-
profile candidate could command an ad-
vance of $300,000 and more. What's a high-
profile candidate? One with controversial
positions and some success among angiy
voters. Publisher Judith Regan, whose
celebrity authors include Rush Limbaugh,
Howard Stern and O.J. prosecutor Chris
Darden, sums up the field, "When I look at
Lamar Alexander, I don't say, 'Aaah, book.'
When I look at Steve Forbes and Pat
Buchanan, I say, 'Aaaah, book.' "

But not just any book. Publishing
sources say that a few years ago, Buchanan

ALAN KEYES

HOW MUCH
HE SPENT

jtsm

WHAT HE WILL GET OUT OF IT
A doubling of his speaking fees,
from $7,500 to $15,000

WHAT ELSE HE COULD HAVE BOUGHT
A 20% stake in an AM radio station
in Columbus, Ohio

i FORBES

HOW MUCH
HE SPENT

r$3o

^™a million

^■JT/^A (ESTIMATED)

WHAT HE WILL GET OUT OF IT
,., ^^

WHAT ELSE HE COULD HAVE BOUGHT
75,000 years of tax-preparation

at H&R Block OR
75,853 22-k
0R1

plus $2 n
runth

PATRICK
BUCHANAN

MtlLION

WHAT HE WILL GET OUT OF IT
A $300,000 pubiisr - -

Wmmmm

WHAT ELSE HE COULD HAVE BOUGHT
A 236-acre prime Napa Valley
vineyard (which could produce
885,000 bottles of Chardonnay
a year) OR 79 Mercedes-Benz
S-600 luxury four-door
sedans OR 73,311 black felt

attempted to shop around a weighty man-
uscript on his 1992 campaign. No takers. A
dutiful account of a short-lived presiden-
tial bid didn't look like a good bet.
Buchanan might do better this time, says a
prominent editor, if he offered a book on
"how Dole and the EstabHshment tried to
force him out of the race."

The third of the big-three cash streams
is broadcasting. In his last 13 months on
Crossfire, Buchanan made $367,350. When
his campaign is over, says cnn spokesman
Steve Haworth, "we very much hope to
have him back." No doubt they do, but
Pitchfork Pat's higher name recognition
should make his fees negotiable. He could
also take a second crack at radio. Hugh
Rodham, formerly a Florida Senate candi-
date and still the brother of the First Lady,
launched a show of his own in December
that's already on 43 stations. Buchanan's
talk show last year was picked up by more
than 100 stations, enough for a $232,000
payday. A realistic goal now would be to
overtake the 125 that cany defeated Senate
candidate and radio talker Oliver North.
Impassioned also-ran Alan Keyes, who
used to host a talk show heard in 10 markets,
could also return to the mike.

But what do you get for Forbes, the man
who has everytliing? Product placement.
Whatever else it was, the Forbes campaign
was effectively a Foi'bes campaign, a six-
month promo for the candidate's business
magazine. In the long run, the boost in name
recognition for his publication could well be
worth more than the $30 million Forbes
spent on the race. (Compare it, for instance,
with the $150 million Ford Motors spent last
year to relaunch the redesigned Taurus.) But
to realize the advantage, Forbes may have to
return friU-time to publishing. In the first two
months of tliis year, while he was away from
the office, ad pages dropped 23% from the
comparable period in 1995.

Media execs agree that whatever the
candidates do to cash in, they had best do it
soon. Old candidates have a limited shelf
life. How limited? We'll know this summer
when bookstores get Gary Hart's The Patri-
ot: An Exhortation to Liberate America from
the Barbarians. Free Press editorial director
Adam Bellow, his publisher, says it's mod-
eled on Machiavelli's The Prince: "He pro-
vides a world view and political advice to
anyone mnning for office in the current me-
dia-saturated environment." That environ-
ment, plus Donna Rice, was the very thing
that undid Hart's candidacy in 1988. How
come he didn't write about it then? "Well,"
says Bellow, "it took him a decade to fuUy
grasp the implications." Somebody should
have bought him a calculator. —Reported
by Tom Curry/New York and Jeffrey H. Birnbaum/
Washington

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

mmm

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By KARSTEN PRAGER

CHINESE TROOPS LAUNCHING
missiles that splash down
perilously close to Taiwan
and put its armed forces on
high alert. A U.S carrier task
force cruising the area, an-
other sailing toward it. Wash-
ington assessing whether—
and how— it might have to help Taiwan
should the island be attacked by China.
These are the most serious signals to date
about the state of relations between the
world's sole remaining superpower and
its sole up-and-coming superpower. One
misstep and one misperception after an-
other in recent years have bumped the
U.S. and China closer to crisis. The latest
rupture has been triggered by China's
harsh warning to Taiwan, underlined by
war games offshore, that it must remain
committed to eventual reunification and
squelch whatever dreams of indepen-
dence it might be harboring. True, what is
happening off Taiwan is pantomime
rather than confrontation: eager to avoid a
clash, both sides are merely using their
military to lend muscle to political mes-
sages. But to date neither Washington nor
Beijing has given much indication that it
knows the other well enough to ensure
that pantomime belligerence does not
someday give way to the real thing.

Over the next decade— or two or three-
China will be at the top rung of American
foreign-policy challenges. As a rising nation,
like others before it, China is demanding re-
spect in proportion to its strengdi. That
would be reason enough for increased con-
cern in the U.S.— and Asian countries— but
Washington has a wider range of interests at
stake where China is concerned.

Foremost is trade. The U.S. and China,
a huge and largely untapped market of 1.2
billion people, now do $50 billion worth of
business with each other. Beyond that, the
enormous amount of U.S. commerce with
Asia as a whole gives Washington even
more reason to discourage China from in-
timidating its neighbors, to say nothing
of starting a war. China poses a particular
security worry because it has atomic
weapons and has sent nuclear technology
to other countries. Finally, the U.S. has
both a moral and a realpolitik interest in
seeing China improve its human-rights
record. Encouraging the establishment of
democracy and the rule of law not only sat-
isfies America's sense of mission in the
world but, if successful, would make China
more stable.

China is not Haiti or Bosnia, places
where America's involvement may be de-

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

will never work. What should Washington do

SHOW OF FORCE: Chinese troops made
their point late last year during amphibious
exercises on the Fujian coast facing Taiwan

sirable but is ultimately optional. (Jhina is
not optional. A half-century after World
War II, the U.S. remains the dominant
power in the Pacific, and to the degree
that it tries to maintain influence there, it
will inevitably knock up against China's
rising importance. The peace and pros-
perity of the world in the next century de-
pend in many ways on what Beijing does.
How should the U.S. handle it? There are
essentially two prescriptions: a policy
called comprehensive engagement, and
one that goes under the old cold-war
name, containment.

The goal of comprehensive engage-
ment, the approach pursued by all U.S.
Presidents since Richard Nixon, is to
bring China into the world community
through broadly based dialogue and
diplomacy; an example is the Pentagon's
pohcy of expanding contacts with the Chi-
nese military through naval visits and of-
ficial exchanges. Admiral R.J. Zlatoper,
the commander in chief of the U.S. Pacif-
ic fleet, has made a priority of better mih-
tary-to-military relations. "I see myself as
a missionary, not just a war fighter," he
says. "I sense on the Chinese side an equal
interest in being engaged with us."

The advocates of containment are led
by an odd-bedfellow alliance of human-
rights activists and old cold warriors.
"Both [Senator Edward] Kennedy and
[Senator Jesse] Helms are in a pro-Taivv'an
mode," says a senior U.S. official, "the for-
mer because of China's appalling human-
rights record, the latter because Taiwan is
the last anticommunist country in the
world." Angered by what they interpret as
Beijing's uncompromising, uncoopera-
tive behavior, the containment forces are
convinced China is a bully that needs to
be disciphned, not indulged. They urge
that the U.S. get tough and stop acquiesc-
ing. Says former Secretary of Defense
Caspar Weinberger: "Their whole foreign
policy has turned suddenly much more
aggressive, and that bodes no good for the
nature of any people."

Across the board, the critics contend
that comprehensive engagement has
amounted to giving in to China whenever
the two countries have come into conflict.
To some degree, the record over the past
few years bears that out. China's responses
to Washington's efforts have been "a mixed
bag," says a State Department official. The
U.S. has been quietly appreciative of Bei-
jing's cutoff of military assistance to the
Khmer Rouge in Cambodia in 1990, of its
cooperation in the apparently successful

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

effort to freeze North Korea's nuclear-
weapons program and of its restraint in us-
ing its U.N. Security Council veto against
U.S. initiatives. But Washington remains
utterly frustrated by insensitivity— if not
outright resistance— to other American
concerns where China is giving little
ground or no ground at all.

In 1993 President Clinton "delinked"
Beijing's human-rights record from the
annual decision on whether to grant Chi-
na most-favored-nation trading status.
The rationale was that repeated attempts
to deny this status had not only made Chi-
na more recalcitrant but also threatened to
hurt U.S. business in China. By reinforc-
ing trade ties, the Administration argued,
the U.S. would be in a better position to in-
fluence China on human rights. But Chi-
na's record has not improved. The State
Department's latest annual report, made
public two weeks ago, talks of "wide-
spread and well-documented abuses,"
particularly in Tibet.

Beijing has continued to test atomic
weapons, transferred nuclear-arms tech-
nology to Pakistan and sold missiles to
Iran. Clinton is still deciding whether to
impose certain economic sanctions on
China to punish it for the Pakistan deal, as
the law requires, or to waive such penal-
ties as he has in similar circumstances. On
the trade front, there is also disappointing
news: estimates of the U.S. trade deficit
with China range from $20 billion to $35

biliion, (Icpnulni- on how I lon.u Kon,^
transshipments are counted; moreover,
Beijing has failed to vigorously enforce
agreements with the U.S. that outlaw pira-
cy of videos, CDs and software.

Meanwhile, despite assurances that it
seeks a negotiated solution, China has rat-
tled its neighbors by claiming sovereignty
over the Spratly Islands in the South China
Sea, where six countries have competing
territorial claims. It has also repeatedly in-
terfered in the affairs of Hong Kong, the
British colony that will return to Chinese
sovereignty next year, supposedly with a
"high degree of autonomy."

Beijing is also building up its militaiy
In 1979 Deng Xiaoping told the generals
and admirals of the People's Liberation
Army that they would have to wait 10 years
before they could collect their share of the
wealth created by modernization. With the
military's needs relegated to the lowest
rung in his grand reform scheme, the de-
fense budget was effectively frozen, and
manpower was pared down from 4 million
to 3 million. "Now the bill has come due,"
says a Washington analyst, "and the post-
Deng leadership is paying."

Washington knows China is playing
catch-up and is not overly worried about
the military expansion: by most estimates
it will be at least two decades before Bei-
jing has the capacity— specifically a blue-
water navy— to project power at a dis-
tance. That could change, of course. Last

vear an uiiollicial stiuK, not cndoiscd by^^;
the U.S. Defense Department, concluded S
that "Chinese military officials believe the?
present gap in their capabilities is tempo-"
rary and the long-term goal is to be a glob- ^
al military peer of the U.S." The Clinton^
Administration is assessing whether to
sell China technology to build turbine en-
gines that some experts think could be
used to power cruise missiles. Such
weapons, according to U.S. Navy officials,
played a decisive role in a classified war
game, simulated in 1994, in which Chi-
nese forces "defeated" the U.S. Seventh
Fleet in 2010. Later this year, the Nation-
al Defense University in Washington will
publish a study that estimates that China
could surpass the U.S. as a superpower in
35 years.

By tolerating the ways in which China
acts against U.S. interests, the Clinton Ad-
ministration would seem to be engaged in
a very generous form of comprehensive
engagement. That is not how the Chinese
see it. As far as they are concerned, Chn-
ton's pohcy is containment by another
name. Not only have Washington's ha-
rangues on human rights rankled, but
there have been other sources of friction.
Because of pressure from the U.S., Beijing
believes, it lost its bid to host the 2000
Olympics, which went instead to Sydney,
Australia. Washington has blocked China's
membership in the World Trade Organiza-
tion, which Beijing wants as a venue for

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

WORLD

reconciling trade disputes and obtaining
more favorable tariff treatment. The U.S.
has also explored a closer military rela-
tionship with hidia, against which China
fought a war in 1962, and last year estab-
lished full diplomatic relations with Viet-
nam, a traditional enemy that repulsed a
Chinese inxasion in 1979.

James Lilley, a former U.S. ambas-
sador to China, explains, "China sees
America snuggling up to India and kicking
Pakistan in the shins, recognizing Viet-
nam, selling F-16s to Taiwan, walking
hand in hand with Japan into the 21st cen-
tury, wanting a united Korea under Seoul
allied with the U.S." What does it look like
from the Chinese perspective? Lilley an-
swers his own question: "A ring around
China."

All this must be viewed in tlie context
of Beijing's current state of fragility, with
Deng Xiaoping on his deathbed and his
designated successor, Jiang Zemin, not
firmly in control. Despite the government's
success in raising the standard of living, its
problem list is long: money-losing state en-
terprises, more than 100 million basically
unemployed migrant workers, rampant
corruption, growing gaps between rich and
poor as well as between the booming
coastal provinces and the neglected hinter-
land—all tinder for potential social unrest.
Perhaps most important, an ideologically
bankrupt Communist Party is relying on
repression and nationalism to keep itself in
power and the country united.

Small wonder that U.S. -China ex-
changes, as Lilley puts it, are a "dialogue
of the deaf." Weakened initially by the end
of cold-war pressure to cooperate against
the former Soviet Union, the relationship
is in its worst shape since the Tiananmen
massacre in 1989.

What should the U.S. do? For all the
setbacks, over the long run, comprehen-
sive engagement, in a more muscular form
than that practiced in recent years, has the
best chance of creating a balanced, fruitful
relationship. The U.S. should be hard-
nosed on nuclear proliferation and intel-
lectual-property rights, and may find it ad-
vantageous to enlist friends' and allies'
support in that endeavor instead of going
it alone. In the more sensitive area of hu-
man rights, a breakthrough will probably
have to await the arrival of a new genera-
tion of leaders in Beijing, but the U.S.
should acknowledge whatever httle prog-
ress China has made. Says Burt Levin, a
veteran China analyst and former U.S.
diplomat: "Chinese citizens have greater
freedom today than they have had in 50
years. To be oblivious to that is foolish."
Comprehensive engagement, sums up
Secretary of Defense William Perry, "does

not mean that the U.S. will acquiesce to
[Chinese] actions with which we disagree.
But we will not try to isolate China over
these issues. You cannot isolate a country
with more than a billion people."

Last year Joseph Nye, who has since re-
tired as Assistant Secretaty of Defense,
warned, "If you treat China as an enemy,
China will become an enemy." A contain-
ment policy such as the one the U.S. used
to hem in Moscow, says Perry, "could actu-
ally undermine our security, because a Chi-
na that feels encircled is quite unlikely to
cooperate on vital U.S. security interests.
Containment could create those security

problems. It could piisli r:liiii;i lo acceler-
ate its defense iihmIci Mi/iiimii, which
would contribute to a K-jional arms race,
increasing the likelihood of militai^ con-
flict in hot spots like Taiwan, the Spratly Is-
lands, the Korean peninsula."

Containment could also spark a trade
war, in which the U.S. and China might
close their markets to each other, with
ripples spreading to other countries in
the Pacific. Equally important, a hard-
line policy toward Beijing would put
stress on U.S. alliances in the region. "Not
a single friend and ally would join us in
such a strategy," suggests a ranking Ad-

CHINA'S MIUTARY: LOOKS GOOD ON PAPER

2.9 million

^AMt^t

Source: Military Balance

DANGEROUS GAMES

Missile-launching site

Troops are poorly trained for modern warfare. Weaponry is
10 to 20 years out of date

Most tanks are a modified version of the Russian T-54 first
built in 1947: slow, small, poorly armored

Navy is small (U.S. has 137 warships) and suitable only for
protecting the coast; only seven warships are modern

Aging diesel submarines; Russian-built Kilos that are quiet,
fast and able to spend 60 days at sea have been ordered

Combat planes are re-engineered Soviet-designed aircraft
produced in the 1960s and '70s. No airborne radar and
warning capability

Intercontinental missiles have ranges of 9,300 miles (15,000
km) and 4,350 miles (7,000 km). Intermediates have ranges
of 1,700 miles (2,700 km) and 1,120 miles (1,800 km)

ff Okinawa
" JAPAN

Independence
^ and battle group

McClusky

Bremerton Columbus

South Chine Sea Bunker Hill

Aegis missile cruiser

PACIFIC OCEAN

Nimitz group on the way

Portsmouth

Chinese military exercise areas
Targets of Chinese missile tests

TIMEMapbyPaulJ. Pugliese

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

W O R L D

ministration official. "We'd be all alone,
and that would cause severe strains with
Japan, South Korea, Australia and in
Southeast Asia." Singapore Senior Minis-
ter Lee Kuan Yew, an astute analyst of the
region, takes the point a step further:
"The last thing Asia wants is contain-
ment. First, it will not succeed. Second,
you will have absolutely no influence on
how China and its attitudes develop: it
will be hostile and xenophobic to the
West, and that's no good for us." Says
Levin: "Dealing with China as an enemy
strengthens the know-nothings in Beijing
and means that the pragmatists are no
longer willing to carry
America's water."

For engagement to
work, however, the LlS
must maintain its militan
presence in Asia. The U S.
Pacific Command com-
prises 200 ships, 2,000
aircraft and 300,000 sol-
diers, sailors, airmen and
Marines, of whom 100 000
are "forward deployed" m
South Korea, Japan and at
sea. As long as there is a
danger of war on the Koic-
an peninsula, a drav\'do\\ii
of U.S. forces is unlikely, in
the meantime, they helj)
stabilize the entire region
The presence of 47,()()()
U.S. troops in Japan, for ex-
ample, reassures not only
Tokyo, which is carefully
monitoring its great neigh-
bor's rise to power, but
even China, which along with other Asian
countries is worried about Japan's rearm-
ing. "We are concerned about what kind of
China will emerge," says Singapore's Lee.
"The problem is of such gigantic size that it
is not solvable in the Asian context alone. It
is balanced only if the Americans are here,
along with Japan. America alone is credible
for 10, maybe 15 years, but not beyond."

Right now, the key test case for Amer-
ica's China policy is Taiwan. On March
23, it will hold a presidential vote— the
first time in the 4,000 years of Chinese
history that a leader will be chosen in a
free election. The winner is likely to be
Lee Teng-hui, the current President, who
has infuriated Beijing by seeking greater
international recognition for Taiwan.
Beijing insists that the island is part of
China and eventually it will be reinte-
grated. Lee, at least officially, accepts the
objective of reunification, although Bei-
jing and his political opponents at home
have been questioning his sincerity.

The U.S. too is pledged to a one-China

policy, but Beijing has come to suspect that
Washington is backing away from it. When
the U.S. granted Lee Teng-hui a visa last
year for a private visit to his alma mater,
Cornell University, Beijing was irate. Hard-
liners and moderates in the leadership may
disagree on any number of questions, but
they are of one mind when it comes to sov-
ereignty over Taiwan; there is no room for
compromise. "No leader in Beijing," says
Ralph Cossa, executive director of Pacific
Forum CSIS, a Honolulu think tank, "could
survive if he lost Taiwan." Beijing's current
missile diplomacy backs up earlier warn-
ings by President Jiang that Taiwan must

STREETS OF TAIPEI

stick to the one-China policy and that a de-
claration of independence means war.

While tlie U.S. acknowledges that the
island is part of China, it is also pledged to
view an attack on it with "grave concern"— a
purposely ambiguous statement that not
only angers America's containment advo-
cates but also ftaistrates Beijing. When Chi-
nese officials felt out Nye in late 1995 about
a U.S. reaction if China were to threaten Tai-
wan, he told them, "Nobody knows." In a lat-
er interview with Time, he elaborated, say-
ing, "There's less ambiguity here than
meets the eye. But we don't want either side
to rock the boat. We don't want Taiwan to de-
clare independence, which would be the
case if we gave it a blank check, and we
don't want the Chinese to use aggressive tac-
tics, which would be the case if we gave them
a blank check. I told the Chinese that vVmer-
icans are unpredictable: even if we said we
wouldn't defend Taiwan, the U.S. Congress
and the American public might change their
minds. The moral of the story is, be very
cautious. As you saw in 1950— when we said

we weren't going to do anything in
Korea— we were at war within the year."
The generals in Beijing, says Andrew
Nien-Dzu Yang, a Taiwan specialist on the
Chinese military, "don't want a confronta-
tion with the U.S.," but some of Beijing's
rhetoric about the U.S. commitment to
Taiwan has had a harsh tone. Whether
with pure bluster or a touch of psy-war, a
member of the general staff late last year
told Chas. W Freeman, a former U.S.
diplomat in Beijing and Assistant Secre-
tary of Defense, that "America will not
sacrifice Los Angeles to protect Taiwan."
At this point China lacks the military
capability to bring off a
S successful invasion of a
3 well-defended Taiwan.
^ Even if the Chinese had
I the amphibious equip-
? ment needed to move
° large numbers of troops
i across the 100-mile Tai-
wan Strait, U.S. military
experts estimate that Bei-
jing would have to deploy
half a million men for a
victorious assault and that
casualties would be in the
range of 50%. True, China
could seriously damage
Taiwan's economy with a
naval blockade or spo-
radic missile strikes, but it
would also suffer by losing
foreign support, particu-
larly the substantial Tai-
wanese investment on the
mainland— $29 bilhon, by
most estimates.
For now, war almost certainly is not on
Beijing's mind. According to one Chinese
official, "While we have contingency
plans on Taiwan, we do not intend to in-
vade Taiwan." As matters stand, the likely
scenario is that Taiwan will have its elec-
tion this Saturday; Lee will win and per-
haps declare his commitment to reunifi-
cation more explicitly, thereby allowing
China to back off. Even Beijing agrees
that reunification will not take place until
some time in the future, when the soci-
eties on the two shores of the strait are
more closely synchronized. The immedi-
ate crisis will pass, and the two sides
will not have irreparably antagonized
each other. But how will they fare at
resolving the next conflict when it comes
along, as it surely will? Comprehensive
engagement may still be the right path,
but it would yield better results if
both sides also engaged in more mutual
comprehension. —With reporting by

Lewis M. Simons and Marl( Thompson/
Washington

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

U N 1, 1 M I T !■: D P A K T N V. K S

STEVE KITTELL FROM THE AILAXTA

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•••*•

m The Lost

mr>

A monster goes on the rampage, and a
small town in Scotland is scarred forever

By JAMES 0. JACKSON

HgHOR THOSE WHO STOOD, BEWIL-
^^^dered, on the streets of Dunblane
H|| that terrible day last week, the sight

headmaster and one of the
first to reach the scene of the
killings. "We don't know why,
we don't understand it, and I
guess we never will."

So far, authorities can
only put together the se-
quence of events that led to
the evil of Dunblane. The start
might be traced back as far as
1974, when Boy Scout officials
dismissed Hamilton, then 21,
for "inappropriate behavior"
as leader of a local troop, and
to subsequent incidents in-
volving his attempts to orga-
nize boys' sports clubs in the
area. Or it might have arisen
from his fascination with
handguns, which he obtained
as long as 20 years ago and
owned legally despite strict
British laws. But whatever its
origins, the culmination came
at around 9 a.m. Wednesday
when Hamilton left his shab-
by bachelor apartment and
headed for the school. A
neighbor, Kathleen Kerr, 71,
said he waved to her as he
stepped into a car. "He
seemed cheerful and perfect-

1 «f.^
* TO

^s^

^^^ of the anguished woman is one they
H can never forget, a defining vision of
H the Scottish town's moment of hor-

I^L 1

ror. "Victoria!" she cried, as a convoy of
ambulances sped past, sirens screaming
and lights flashing. "Victoria!" That was
one of the names; Victoria. Others, read
out in a mournful voice by police chief su-
perintendent Louis Munn, were as famil-
iar and as evocative of middle-class Scottish

family life: Emma, Melissa and Megan;
Charlotte, Kevin, Ross and Hannah;
David, Mhairi, Brett and Abigail; Emily,
Sophie, John and Joanna. Ordinary names,
pretty names, the names on teachers' at-
tendance lists, on captions of school pic-
tures, on programs for school pageants, on
lineups for school games. And they are the
names of the dead and maimed of Dun-
blane's little primary-school gymnasium
where a man wdth a pocketful of pistols and
a mind filled with hatred massacred
children.

In all, 16 five- and six-year-old first-
graders and their teacher died Wednesday
when a failed youth leader named Thomas
Hamilton, 43, barged into the school and

T^Jf

^m i^m

emptied four handguns into them as they
screamed and cowered in the gymnasium.
Two other teachers and 12 children were
wounded, three critically, before Hamilton
put one of the guns to his head and blew
part of it away. Nobody can know just what
monsters of the psyche drove the strange
moonfaced man's mind to crack at that mo-
ment, or why he chose the gentlest, most
innocent of the school's 729 pupils to be the
victims of his inner torments (see Essay).
For those who lived through it, the ques-
tions have but one answer. "Evil visited us
yesterday," said Ron Taylor, the school's

ly happy," she said.

He was not. In the pockets
coat he carried four loaded hand
Browning 9-mm automatics anc
magnum revolvers— plus a packe
ly angry letters to British news
tions detailing his grievances a
town for treating him as a "perve
parently stopped to mail the left
reached their destinations two
Then he went directly to the s
was at the entrance at about 9:2.

He started shooting in the pi
then down a corridor as he mac

of a black
guns— two
\ two .357
tofbitter-

organiza-
gainst the
rt."Heap-
ers, which
days later,
chool. He
5 a.m.
ayground,

e his way

to the gymnasium. Firing from a corner of
the room, Hamilton hit teacher Gwenne
Mayor as she tried to shield the 29 chil-
dren she had taken there for phys ed. She
died on the spot. Then he moved around
the room, methodically shooting the
screaming children, chasing some as they
ran and pumping at least one and some-
times three or more bullets into the little
bodies. Then he retreated to a corner away
from the carnage and fired the final bullet
into his own brain.

Rescuers were greeted by a hellish si-

44 TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

'^H

lolU

lence: no cries, no screams, very little
movement at all amid a chaos of scattered
shoes, clothing, blood and painfully small
bodies. "I just cannot get the images out of
my head," said headmaster Taylor.

By all accounts Hamilton was odd. The
woman he always beheved was his sister
was, in reahty, his mother. His father,
Thomas Watt, 65, abandoned the family
when Hamilton was 18 months old. He
never took interest in him again until he
learned, with shock, of the kiUings. "I can't
live with this," Watt said. "I brought this

monster into the world." It was a world
that proved difficult for a man whose com-
pelling life interest appeared to be youth
leadership— but who was regarded in town
as a pedophile. His attempts to organize
boys' clubs ended when parents withdrew
their sons after hearing of Hamilton's ab-
normal interest in the boys' bodies. Said
Gerry Fitzpatrick, 27, owner of a bar in
Dunblane who attended one of the clubs in
his teens: "He would make us take off our
shirts all the time. He liked looking at us.
There was something creepy about him."

If some thought him a "sicko" and "a
loner," no one could have foreseen the
depth of evil in their midst. At the local
morgue, hospital chaplain Jim Benson
comforted parents as they identified their
children. But no words, no memorials or
visits by the Queen will make it easier for a
parent to comprehend that a son, a daugh-
ter is never going to wake again. After one
mother looked at her dead child, she turned
to Benson and said, "My baby always sleeps
like that." —Reported fey Michael Brunton/
London and Barry Hillenbrand/ Dunblane

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

BUSINESS

Why Subsidies Survive

Congress has surrendered in the war against corporate welfare

fW^P, f^T^^

SHIPPING

WHOM DO SUBSIDIES HELP? Shipbuilders get government support to construct vessels that
the merchant fleet may not need. Yet Congress is unlikely to withdraw the funding

By KAREN TUMULTY WASHINGTON

THE MILLION DOLLARS THAT TAXPAY-
ers spend to promote Uncle Ben's
rice in Poland, Turkey and Saudi Aj-a-
bia. The $2 billion government outlay
tliat helps keep electric power a bar-
gain in Aspen and Hilton Head. The $3 mil-
lion that a cargo-ship owner can expect to
pocket for making his vessel available to
Uncle Sam in waitime— even tliough die
Pentagon no longer wants it. Was it only a
year ago that the full-tliroated budget war-
riors of die Republican revolution were
unleashing a pitiless campaign to cut off die
tens of billions of dollars expended each year
on subsidies and tax breaks for big business?
Earlier this month a bipartisan group
of Senators proposed creating an indepen-
dent commission to handle corporate-
welfare reform. This is Washington's ver-
sion of "Please continue to hold. A service
representative will be with you shortly."
But it was the best they could do, since
neither Congress nor the White House
seems capable of tackling the issue.

Even that feeble effort stands litUe

chance of being taken seriously. The ur-
gency of balancing the budget has given
way to the urgency of getting re-elected.
That means politicians of both parties will
be busy collecting campaign contributions
from PACs and interest groups tied to the
veiy businesses that are targets of reform.

Ending coiporate handouts is one of the
rare topics on which activists and think tanks
from both the left and the right find agree-
ment. By some estimates, the government
funnels up to $75 billion a year to business,
enough to account for almost half the feder-
al deficit. The Agriculture Department, for
instance, will spend $110 milHon this year to
adveitise overseas everything from V8 juice
to Friskies, a "market promotion" budget
tiiat is almost 30% higher than in 1995. As
these companies are among the world's best
at marketing, "it's hard for me to believe that
McDonald's needs government bureau-
crats to tell them how to sell Chicken
McNuggets," says Beau Boulter, chairman
of the antitax group Capitol Watch.

Governments have long used subsidies
as economic-development tools, particu-
larly in nascent industries. But economists

argue that in mature industries subsidies
ultimately do harm by propping up ineffi-
cient and unproductive firms.

In some cases, federal help distorts the
industries it seeks to stabilize. For instance,
by spending billions to insulate the nation's
dwindling shipbuilding industry from
cheaper foreign competition, the govern-
ment may be temporarily salvaging high-
paying jobs. But why put more ships into the
water when the ones already afloat are hav-
ing trouble making a profit? Still, this De-
pression-era program stands a good chance
of being renewed this year— in no small
measure because maritime unions and
business pacs have contributed more than
$17 million to congressional campaigns over
the past decade, according to the watchdog
group Common Cause.

Last year viitually every proposal to cut
corporate welfare met a quiet deadi at the
hands of the committees that pass on spend-
ing and tax legislation. Wliat House Budget
Committee chairman John Kasich and his
forces considered unjustifiable giveaways
other Congressmen defended as vital to
their districts. In die end, the 25 or so pro-

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

CAMPBELL SOUP

GOVERNMENT
PAYMENT:
$1.1 million for
product promotion

REVENUES:
$6.7 billion

NET INCOME:
$630 million

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS

GOVERNMENT

PAYMENT:

$13 million for military

to civilian technology

REVENUES:
$10.3 billion

NET INCOME:
$691 million

E & J GALLO WINERY

GOVERNMENT
PAYMENT:
$2.6 million for
product promotion

REVENUES:
$1.5 billion

''**"e/i,i.ioc«i£'

NET INCOME:
N.A.

e: Cato Inst., IMPACT'S Beverage Studies, foreign Agriculture Service All figures 1994

grams considered most egregious by critics
from all sides— say, building logging roads
for timber companies at government ex-
pense—saw their budgets nicked some $2.6
billion, or only 16%, says Stephen Moore, fis-
cal-policy director of the libertarian-leaning
Cato Institute. And for all its denunciation of
"aid to dependent corporations," the White
House actually recommended a 4% increase
in spending for those programs.

Kasich has pledged to renew the fight,
but he has already given up at least half the
battle. This year the Budget Committee
will focus its effort entirely on direct pay-
ments the government makes to business,
ignoring the estimated $50 billion a year
Washington grants in tax breaks.

The Repubhcans are aware that voters
will not rally to a party that doesn't extend the
war on entitlements to wealthy contributors
as well as less powerful interests. "It obvi-
ously harms our credibility," says Arizona
Repubhcan John McCain, a leading backer
of the idea of creating an independent com-
mission. "And that's why, over time, we're
going to succeed." —With reporting by

Bernard Baumolii/New York

A Fork in Tobacco Road

Liggett breaks ranks and settles several lawsuits.
Can the other cigarette makers still hang tough?

IT BEGAN OVER A DRINK IN A NEW YORK
City hotel, after two adversaries agreed to
settle a hard-fought case about defective
plumbing pipes. "What are you going to
do next?" New York attorney Marc Ka-
sowitz asked. Don Barrett, a Mississippi
lawyer, explained that he was involved in
his state's lawsuit to recoup Medicaid mon-
ey spent treating smoking-related illnesses.
Kasowitz quizzed him, but, says Barrett, "I
didn't realize he was the personal friend and
attorney for Ben LeBow." Not until a few
weeks later, that is, when Kasowitz called
Barrett to arrange a meeting and floated the
news that his client, Bennett LeBow, major-
ity shareholder in the Liggett Group, was
ready to cut a deal.

With the announcement last week that
Liggett, the smallest of the na-
tion's five major cigarette mak-
ers, had agreed to settle the Cas-
tano class action in Louisiana on
behalf of all smokers and five
state Medicaid suits against cig-
arette makers, the landscape of
tobacco litigation underwent a
seismic shift. In real dollars, the
terms of the agreement— Liggett
will wind up paying less than
$2 milhon a year over the next
25 years toward antismoking
programs, and will comply with
proposed Food and Drug Ad-
ministration rules about mar-
keting to children— have little
bite. Any capitulation, however,
marks a drastic change. Publicly,
at least, the other tobacco com-
panies are hanging tough. "We haven't
changed our assessment on strategy, which
is that we don't intend to settle these cas-
es," says Steven Parrish, senior vice presi-
dent for corporate affairs at Philip Morris.
But Time has learned that even before
news of the Liggett deal broke, other settle-
ment feelers had gone out. Florida state sen-
ate minority leader Ken Jenne says that last
Tuesday he was approached by Jon L.
Shebel, president and ceo of the powerful
Associated Industries of Florida, a lobbying
group that includes Phihp Morris, R.J.
Reynolds and the Tobacco Institute. Shebel
confirms that a conversation took place in
which actual dollar amounts were bandied
about. He admits that he mentioned pay-
ments of $105 million a year, "for a long
time, maybe indefinitely," to setde the state's

$1.4 billion lawsuit. He says he was not talk-
ing with Jenne at the behest of the tobacco
industry, but comments, "We all know who
the targets of this lawsuit are." Tobacco-
industry lawyers say they know nothing of
the talk. "Philip Morris doesn't want to set-
tle," says a tobacco-industry lawyer. "We
don't know what Shebel is doing."

What the other cigarette companies do
is of little interest to LeBow, a takeover
artist who has set his sights on R.J. R. Nabis-
co. "He's in it to make money," says
Richard Scruggs, one of whistle-blower
Jeffrey Wigand's lawyers, who is helping
on the Mississippi Medicaid suit. "This is a
very sophisticated business transaction by
Bennett LeBow." If LeBow can force a
merger between Liggett and R.J.R., then

VICTORY:
settle the

Five attorneys general agreed with Liggett to
Medicaid suits, and others may in the future

R.J.R. will participate in the settlement,
moving out from under the shadow of in-
cessant litigation, boosting its stock price
and enabhng LeBow to split the company's
food and tobacco divisions. Even if this
scheme fails, LeBow tells Time, "it was a
good economic deal for us to settle."

In fact, the costs of the settlement are
about one-fifth what the company has been
hemorrhaging in legal fees each year, not to
mention its share of the record $4.1 million
in political donations made by tobacco
companies in 1995. The only losers in the
great tobacco sweepstakes may be all those
smokers, who will get no cash— only the
chance to attend a Smokenders class on the
industry's dime. —By Elizabetli G/eicfc.

Reported by Elisabetli Kauffman/Nasliville, Elaine
Rivera/New York and Elaine Shannon/Washington

TIME, MARCH 25, 1996

B U S I N E S S

Luxury's Gaudy Times

Back in form, the rich have decided that modest
spending is better left to those who can afford it

By JOHN GREENWALD

IF AMERICAN CONSUMERS ARE SO WOR-
ried about their jobs and armpit-deep in
debt, why do Mont Blanc's five U.S.
stores keep running out of their 888
Prince Regent pens, at $5,900 a pop? And
why does Chanel have a waiting fist for its
$2,999 double-breasted tweed dresses for
■ spring, which have yet to reach the stores?
; Well, if you have to ask, it's because
(the rich are back to being different. Fol-
' lowing a brief, unsatisfying fling with
; modesty in the early 1990s, they've re-
inewed their lust for luxe and are making
J upscale stores the brightest spot on the
; dowdy U.S. retail scene.

■92 '93 '94 '95 '95

-1,000

POSH IS HOT: And
discount is not

Paris designer Marie-Claude Lahque
has seen this frenzy close up. When La-
hque signed crystal ware and bottles of
perfume at Manhattan's tony Bergdorf
Goodman store last week, shoppers
snapped up nearly 100 items, including
$2,750 perfumes and a $4,700 vase. "In
two hours we did the kind of business we
normally do in six months," said an awed
spokeswoman for Lahque's company.

Profits at Tiffany jumped 34%, to a
record $39 million in 1995, even as mass
merchants such as Caldor and Jamesway
were trooping into bankruptcy court and
closing hundreds of stores. Gucci, the once-
moribund designer and retailer of fashion
apparel, has come roaring back under
Bahrain-based Investcorp, which said just
last week that it plans to sell its remaining
51% stake in Gucci to the pubhc for some
$1.1 billion this year. Investcorp will also
sell shares in its resurgent Saks Fifth Av-
enue chain this year, six years after buying
the once-fiagging operation.

The success of such stores reflects a

widening split in the U.S. be-
tween families with moderate
and middle incomes and those
earning $100,000 or more.
Says Maureen McGrath, who
follows retailing for Smith Bar-
ney: "Affluent consumers are
becoming more affluent while
the less affluent are becoming
less so."

This gap shows up dramatical
ly on the selling floor. Isaac Lagns
do, publisher of Tactical Retail
Monitor, an industry newsletter, es-
timates that sales of designer items
such as $200 Hermes scarves and
$1,745 Chanel handbags grew a whop-
ping 18% last year, to
$30 billion, while sales
of general merchan-
dise—everything from
toys to towels to
T shirts— rose only
4.5%, to $575 billion.
"The low end is tapped
out," says Merrill
Lynch analyst Peter
Caruso. Indeed, cred-
it-card delinquencies
are at a 10-year high.
And feeble sales
growth has forced dis-
counters such as Wal-Mart, K Mart and
Toys R Us to squeeze pricing until the
bottom hne hurts; underperforming
stores are being forced shut.

So while Payless ShoeSource clos-
es or relocates some 10% of its 4,500
discount stores, Gucci can't keep
enough of its $295 high-heel pumps in
stock. Nor has business slowed at Geary's
Beverly Hills in that California city, where
tableware goes for $1,000 a setting. Geary's
wrapped up its best fall/Christmas season
ever last year. Crows president Bruce Mey-
er: "Our customers want something to sep-
arate them from the crowd."

All this marks a sea change from the
sackcloth style of recent years. "The begin-
ning of the '90s was a reaction against the
glitz and conspicuous consumption of the
'80s," says Valerie Steele, a professor of
fashion history at the Fashion Institute of
Technology in New York City. "And you
saw that in the 'Gapification' of America.
Now there is a return to the status of fash-
ion, luxury and quality." And how. Just ask

'92 '93 '94 '95 '96

Chanel, where women
have reserved the com-
pany's entire new line of
$750 khaki pants even
though the Gap offers a
comparable look for about
$38 a pair.

The revitalization has
been paying dividends for
posh brands and retailers.
"We have been absolutely
driven by luxury products
in the past 18 months," says
Rose-Marie Bravo, president
of Saks Fifth Avenue. "Con-
sumers want you to know they
have it [upscale style], but they
don't want to shout." As an ex-
ample of this quieter elegance.
Bravo points to the sleek and
somber fines of Jil Sander, where
a suit averages about $3,000.

That's what Chanel presi-
dent Arie L. Kopelman calls in-
vestment dressing— paying big
bucks for attire that can wear well
and remain a fashion statement
tor years to come. "It's not just a
plirase," Kopelman says of his
comage. "It [means] pride in own-
ership." He's not lacking for "in-
vestors": sales rose 20% at Chanel
last year.

In the midst of anxious times,
some consumers have decided
that "dressing well is the best re-
venge," using high fashion to
show they've still got their jobs
and station in life. It's called
"let your Ferragamos do the
talking," says Isaac Lagnado.
And many people are doing
list that. "Business is boom-
nig across the board," says
iVlassimo Ferragamo, pres-
ident of Salvatore Ferra-
gamo. "Sales are running
55% ahead of last year."
The top-end sellers
don't see anything out
there that could take
the icing off their cake,
and they continue to ex-
pand. At the Ferragamo
men's and women's
shop in Manhattan's
Trump Tower, de-
mand for such items as
;s and $2,260 leather jack-
ets has grown so brisk that customers mayp
purchase no more than 10 in any one cate-!^
gory such as coats or pairs of shoes. Per-p
haps they'll just have to think of it as shar-g
ing the wealth. —Reported by Stacy Perman/'^
New York and Jacqueline Savaiano/Los Angeles m

$825 zip-top 'i

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1^ E C H M Q L Q G Y

CAN MACHI

Maybe so, as Deep Blue's chess prowess
suggests. And that sparks a f rosh debate
about the naturo of mind. Is it just neurons?

By ROBERT WRIGHT

WHEN GARRY KASPAROV FACED OFF AGAINST AN IBM COMPUTER
in last month's celebrated chess match, he wasn't just after
more fame and money. By his own account, the world chess
champion was playing for you, me, the whole human
species. He was trying, as he put it shortly before the match,
to "help defend our dignity."
Nice of him to offer. But if human dignity has much to
do with chess mastery, then most of us are so abject that not
even Kasparov can save us. If we must vest the honor of our species in some
quintessentially human feat and then defy a machine to perform it, shouldn't
it be something the average human can do? Play a mediocre game of Trivial
Pursuit, say? (Or lose to Kasparov in chess?)

Apparently not. As Kasparov suspected, his duel with Deep Blue indeed
became an icon in musings on the meaning and dignity of human life. While
the world monitored his narrow escape from a historic defeat— and at the
same time marked the 50th birthday of the first real computer, eniac— he
seemed to personify some kind of identity crisis that computers have in-
duced in our species.

Maybe such a crisis is in order. It isn't just that as these machines get more
powerful they do more jobs once done only by people, from financial analy-
sis to secretarial work to world-class chess playing. It's that, in the process,
they seem to underscore the generally dispiriting drift of scientific inquiry.
First Copernicus said we're not the center of the universe. Then Darwin said
we're just protozoans with a long hst of add-ons— mere "survival machines,"
as modern Darwinians put it. And machines don't have souls, right? Certainly
Deep Blue hasn't mentioned having one. The better these seemingly soul-
less machines get at doing things people do, the more plausible it seems that
we could be soulless machines too.

But however logical this downbeat argument may sound, it doesn't appear
to be prevailing among scholars who ponder such issues for a living. That isn't
to say philosophers are suddenly resurrecting the idea of a distinct, immateri-
al soul that governs the body for a lifetime and then drifts off to its reward.
They're philosophers, not theologians. When talking about some conceivably

Illustration for TIME by Brian Cronir

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100

BY KORA McNAUGHTON AND TISH WILLIAMS

It's been two years since the editors lost hunkered down in Upside's airless cell of a conference room to hash out a list
of the 100 most influential people in the so-called "convergence industry" that we call our business (which includes
information technology media and telecommunications).
And now we know why. Constructing this list and getting editors' rankings caused full-scale e-mail warfare ("I can't believe
Esther Dyson is number 1 21"). The decision not to include people like Vint Cerf — ^we called him the Father of the Internet in
1 994 — may be heartless, but to paraphrase Janet Jackson, what has he done for us lately? The same could be said of Al
Gore, upon vt/hom we once lavished praise as "one of the information highway's biggest champions." This time around, Gore
failed to register even a blip on our radar screen. Cry us a river.

Our goal is not to pay homage to on aging list of Hall of Famers, but to recognize those running the show right now. So
here goes. We've ranked them so you con waste time in the lunchroom hooting and hollering, just as we did, about whether
anyone at IBM — let alone Lou Gerstner — deserves a place on the list.

1. Bill Gates, Chairman and CEO,
Microsoft Corp.

The mountain has come to Mo-
hammed. Gates hfted his head
from the sand in time to prove he
really could leap to the top of the
Internet business in a single bound. Now
that he's turned his gaze to content, we'U see
if he can turn Microsoft into the iibermedia
company.

2. Andy Grove, President and CEO,
Intel Corp.

Grove has coached Intel into a
league of its own. With Intel's
market value topping $83 billion,
it's hard to find any real competi-
tion for the microprocessor company. On top
of that, Grove has the nerve to write a book
about how paranoid he is.

3. John Doerr, Partner, Kleiner,
Perkins, Caufield & Byers

Doerr is the Internet's sugar daddy.
The companies he has kick-started
and sits on the boards of comprise
a who's who of Net newcomers,
and he has opened KPCB's wallet for a $100
miUion Java fund. He also became the poster
boy for those opposing shareholder-htigation
legislation at the state and national levels.

4. Michael Eisner, Chairman and
CEO, The Walt Disney Co.

Eisner has rebuilt Disney into the
most prolific and highest-grossing
studio in Hollywood, and kept
mega-ego Michael Ovitz in check.
Disney's acquisition of Cap Cities/ABC
doesn't appear to have caused even minor
financial indigestion — so far.

5. Larry Ellison, Chairman and CEO,
Oracle Corp.

l-nvv hull Of mock him, hut don't dis-
miss him. When Lairy says "NC," the
computer industry goes back to the
drawing board. At least Ellison has the
guts to take on the Sisyphean task of tackling Bill
Gates with an unproved concept. Maybe his new
stature as No. 5 on the Forbes 400 list helps.

<^ 6. Scott McNealy, President and CEO,
^m Sun Microsystems inc.
J- f Recently married (and a father), McNealy
L^ has settled contfortably into his latest task:

preserving Sun's workstation dominance
^ *■ and taking Java to new heights. Behind his
loud-mouthed, frat-boy demeanor Hes a highly compe-
tent exec with a leading company in the network age.

7. Jim Clark, Chairman, Netscape
Communications Corp.

It takes a hell of a man to catch Bill Gates
with his pants down. But the honeymoon's
over, and Clark's Midas touch has put him
squarely in Gates' rifle sights. He hasn't
become gun-shy, though: Ln his newest venture, an on-
line health care service, he'll face an entire industry of
entrenched powers.

WKBKM &• Jim Barksdale, CEO, Netscape
HRPHB Communications Corp.

W -*• turn OK, we laiow that Microsoft is catching up
r -"^ jB in the browser wars. Barksdale isn't cowed,
\^^l but says Microsoft's apps business is a hun-
gry "bulldog" that must be fed — at the
expense of its Internet strategy. Instead, Netscape's
going after a bigger bone: the intranet server market.

9. John Chambers, President and CEO,
Cisco Systems

Chambers is on a buying spree (six com-
panies this year, including $4 billion for
StrataCom, with more on the way) to
match escalating Internet demand. Cham-
bers has used an easygoing style to manage disparate
acquisitions and grow Cisco into a networking domi-
nance on par wdth Intel's and Microsoft's control of
their respective markets.

10. Reed Hundt, Chairman, Federal

Hundt is no paper pusher, and he's made it
clear that fostering competition is his top
priority. He managed to muzzle the
screeches of the telecom industry's 300-
pound gorillas — the RBOCs and the long-distance ser-
vice providers — and pass the landmark Telecom
Reform Act. Next battleground: Intemet telephony.

1 1. Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and CEO,
News Corp. Ltd.

MLiidoch has more money and chutzpah
ihiui God — enough to buy up international
media companies, launch digital broadcast-
ing systems iind 24-hour TV channels, con-
trol TV stations that reach 40 percent of American
viewers, and top off a hard day's work by insulting Ted
Turner's wife. And just when you thought he'd overex-
tended News Corp.'s debt for the last time, he reels in
MCI for a $2 billion cash fix.

1 2. Esther Dyson, President,

La Dyson is the highest-ranking member
of the Upside EUte whose stature is based
entirely on her abUity to influence others
writh her ideas rather than directly control
companies or huge amounts of capital. Dyson has
defied the traditionally short pundit's life span
(remember WiU Zachmann?) with more than two
decades of savvy technology analysis.

1 3. Nathan Myhrvold, Chief Technical
Officer, Microsoft Corp.

Myhrvold is the man vnth the v\rrench,
matching Gates' business vision with
technical acumen. So good is he that Gates
has now handed over much of the respon-
sibility for converting Microsoft into a consumer prod-
ucts/media company to Myhrvold.

14. Louis Gerstner, Chairman and CEO,
IBM Corp.

When Gerstner took the top spot at Big
Blue, spectators griped that the ailing
company needed a "visionary" — and he
wasn't it. Maybe, but he's proved the
naysayers wrong. IBM's Internet Products Division
has taken it off the sidelines, and the company is
growing once again.

1 5. Steve Ballmer, Executive Vice
i Ifc.. President, Microsoft Corp.

Wjl^^^K If Gates decides to stay home and play

■HbHh house husband for his new baby, Ballmer

^^^^Bl is the person most likely to succeed him.

Ballmer's Tasmanian Devil routine keeps

Microsoft in overdrive and his fortune boosted him

to lucky No. 13 on the Forbes 400.

16. Rick Sherlund, Partner and Software
Analyst, Goldman Sachs & Co.

Part Marlboro Man, part Wharton, Sher-
lund's longish, sandy-blond hair and
geek glasses belie his power to cause
investors to drop Microsoft and Oracle
ke hot branding irons.

stock

DECEMBER 1996 UPSIDE

U|9sicl^^s eii*^ 1

■■■■■ 1 7. Gil Amelio, Chairman and CEO,
^^^^H Apple Computer int.

W^ f^M ^^^ ^^^^ °^ ^^'^ ^^^ computer world rests
■L3*''^B in Amelio 's hands. Apple keeps Mi-
■L^lll^l crosoft honest by providing an alterna-
tive, and AmeHo has been charged with

keeping his company ahve. The word is Apple has

turned the corner.

£. 23. Eckhard Pfeiffer, President and CEO,
«| Compaq Computer Corp.
1^ Pfeiffer has managed to squeeze profits
g' out of a PC market where wafer-thin mar-
gins have left vendors begging for change
on Wall Street comers, vaulting Compaq
into the No. 3 computer manufacturer slot overall.
His secret? Excruciating efficiency measures.

KH 18. John Malone, President and CEO,
r^ Tele-Communications Inc.
■^1 Malone played mother-in-law to Tune
\ J Warner's acquisition of Turner Broad-
M casting System, and he still keeps the
cable giant's eyes on the Internet prize.
That's plenty to offset industry snickering over
©Home's impotency in launching residential cable-
modem Internet access.

19. Masayoshi Son, President and
CEO, Softbank Corp.

Son IS buying everything that moves:
new media ventures, old media ven-
tures, trade shows, Internet-based com-
panies. A 300-year plan for his company
coupled with his aggressive "don't ask, don't tell"
approach to debt management seems to indicate
that the shopping spree is far from over.

weUi

24. Lew Piatt, Chairman & CEO,
Hewlett-Packard Co.

Ask any Silicon Valley manager whose
style they try to emulate, and the answer
wOl invariably be Lew Piatt's. HP's impres-
sive (though not spectacular) growth, as
its informal and goal-oriented management tra-

dition, has flourished under Piatt's watchful eye.

025. Gerald Levin, Chairman and CEO,
Time Warner Inc.
You've got to give Levin credit for
climbing out of bed in the morning. He
has earned himself uncontested dibs on
the most highly criticized CEO title by
buying the Turner Broadcasting System for a bloat-
ed $7.5 billion. Still, he's at the helm of the largest
and one of the most influential media companies in
the world.

20. Ann Winblad, General Partner,
Hummer Winblad Venture Partners

Rumor has it that Winblad and Bill
Gates used to read programming manu-
als together when they dated in the
'70s. Winblad still does her homework
and combines it with a sharp business sense that
has made her one of the most successful software
deal makers in Silicon Valley.

21. Paul Alien, Chairman,
The Paul Allen Group

Cash is king, and despite some mon-
strously bad press (for kicking a kid's
camp off his San Juan Islands property
and for some terminally putrid busi-
ness deals), Allen buys his way into some big
deals and board positions.

26. Robert Allen, Chairman and CEO,
AT&T Corp.

His long-distance empire is being invaded
by Huns, shareholders are getting grumpy,
antl he's just hired a right-hand man whose
telecom experience consists of printing
Yellow Pages. Right or wrong, Allen's actions rever-
berate throughout the industry.

e27. Steve Case, Chairman and CEO,
America Online Inc.
AOL's been mocked as the Intemet for
morons, but Case keeps raldng them in.
Rampant subscriber chum and new ground
rules could snap AOL's revenue model Uke
a twig — or vault Case into the Intemet pantheon. With
a decadent $300 million advertising budget slated for
1997, AOL's no motley fool.

22. Marc Andreessen, Senior Vice
President of Technology, Netscape
Communications Corp.

Andreessen, the epitome of nerd
revenge, got his toes on the cover of
Time. When he isn't doing doughnuts
m Silicon Valley parking lots in his white
Mercedes coupe, you can find him raving rapidly
about intranets at important industry events.

UPSIDE DECEMBER T996

'w.upside.com

28. Ray Smith, Chairman and CEO, Bell
Atlantic Corp.

Smith laiows when to fold 'em (TCI) and
when to hold 'em (Nynex). He is the most
creative and technologically savvy of the
RBOC leaders, though admittedly the com-
petition isn't fierce. The Bell Atlantic/Nynex merger is
mired in red tape for now, but it wOl create the second-
largest RBOC in the U.S.

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29. Herb Allen, President,
Allen & Co. inc.

Allen's good-ol'-boy retreats in Sun
Valley, Idaho, are the backdrop for some
of the most gigantic deals imaginable;
chief among this year's slim pickings
was Rupert Murdoch's purchase of New World
Communications. Not quite as big as last year's
Disney purchase of Cap Cities/ ABC, but it'll do.

30. John Warnock, Cofounder, Chairman
and CEO, Adobe Systems inc.

Warnock is Adobe's technical guru and
one of Sihcon Valley's few genuinely nice
CEOs. But Adobe's going to need some
seriously aggressive business maneuver-
ing to curb its dependence on the Mac and capitalize
on new Internet opportunities.

31. Ted Turner, Vice Chairman,
Time Warner Inc.

#s«M Turner sold Turner Broadcasting System,
^ H fired his son, made a financial lolling and
landed a vice chairman's position.
Chances are, his ego won't fade into the
background without a scrappy attempt at the top
spot of what is now the world's biggest media/enter-
tainment company.

32. Heidi Roizen, Vice President of
Developer Relations, Apple Computer Inc.

Roizen's charged with rekindling the love
connection between the Macintosh and
its jilted software developers. It's going to
take more than cheap perfume and choco-
t the faithful back onboard, but many say

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if anyone can pull this caper off, it's Roizen.

33. Bill Lerach, Partner, Milberg, Weiss,
Bershad, Hynes & Lerach

Lerach carts home $7 million a year from
busting the chops of high-tech CEOs. His
handshake with Clinton was followed by
a presidential veto of the Securities
Litigation Reform Act. Lerach led the Prop. 211
greedfest campaign, Silicon Valley's worst nightmare.
Loathe him.

34. Eric Schmidt, Chief Technology Officer,
Sun Microsystems inc.

When Scott McNealy shoots off his
mouth about network computing, it's up
to Schmidt to make it so. Lie's busy dig-
ging McNealy out of the Internet/
intranet-server hole as cheaper Microsoft NT servers
make gains, and ensuring that the Internet won't
take lava and nm, leaving Sun behind.

35. David Geffen, Jeffrey
Katzenberg and Steven Spielberg,
Founders, Dreamworks SKG

^S ;i They are the world's best at what they
do. They just haven't done anything
yet. Sure, get piclcy about the trio's plans to put out a
smattering of games and edutainment titles. But com-
petitors are qual<ing in their loafers in anticipation of
what this holy entertainment trinity will produce.

36. Robert Wright,
President and CEO, NBC

Who else has the clout to convince
Americans to get their news from
Microsoft? Wright jealously guards the
"free TV" networks' turf from cable and
telco interlopers unshaclded by the Telecom Reform
Act, but he has Uttle to complain about with a string
of successful shows such as "ER" and "Seinfeld."

f37. Jerry Yang, Chief Yahoo, Yahoo Inc.
Yiing went from Stanford's grad-student
ghetto to one of the Internet's biggest
branding successes. Despite growing
financial losses, Yahoo has managed to
steer clear of extinction as Yang attempts
to wean the savages off soap operas and onto the Web
with personalized and localized services.

^■||(k 38. David Chaum, Founder and Chairman,
p^^ DigiCash BV

▼^ _^ ^ . Willie you were busy reading glowing sto-
A. i2*y^ "^^ about the future of smart cards in your
lk<fl|^fl local daily, Chaum had already trade-
marked the monil<:er "e-cash" and was
busy setting up digital money trials around the world.
His cryptography expertise, patents and influence wall
keep him in the eye of the digital-cash craze.

39. Bernard Ebbers, President and CEO,
LDDS WorldCom Inc.

In a market where the players' proHts can
be laiger than the GDP of a small country,
wildcatter Ebbers has superglued together
a multibdhon, cream-sldmming telecom
empire. The latest acquisition: MPS Communicati-
ons, which earher in the year gobbled up UUNet
Technologies.

40. John Gage, Director, Science Office,
Sun Microsystems Inc.

Gage IS the qumtessential "big idea" guy
and Sun's emissary to the rest of the
world. When he gets a bee in his bonnet
about something — whether it's Sun-
related or civic-minded like NetDay — he can usually
make it happen, come hell or high water.

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41.

and CEO, Bloomberg LP.

Bloomberg nevertheless brings Silicon
Valley's "no blood, no foul" entrepre-
neurial spirit to Wall Street with the latest
technology innovations. Next year we'll see whether
Bloomberg is worth his cuff Hnks, as he tries to sashay
his empire into the Internet space by dispersing
Bloomberg's bundled content.

42. Newt Gingrich, Spealter,
U.S. House of Representatives

With ethics charges nipping at his heels,
Newt's popularity among the plebian
hordes has nosedived, but he's well-liked in
high-tech hbertarian circles. For Internet
free-speechers, Gingrich represents the Communi-
cations Decency Act's most high-profile opposition.

43. Ray Lane, President and COO,
Oracle Systems Corp.

If Larry EUison (the bilhonaire that Lane
built) shaved his head and became a
Buddhist monlc, Ray Lane would keep run-
ning the company, just as he does today.
Lane was only recently given the keys to the presi-
dent's office, but he no doubt expects to inherit the
CEO position — someday.

^■^ 44. Steve Jobs, Chairman and CEO, Next
i !■ ^oitviate and Pixar Animation Studios

Tas^lpK^ Mamage and kids have produced a kinder
- :^fe and gentler fobs, once the enfant terrible of

^L J|^ the high-tech industry. Having been around
a hell of a long time, he became a high-tech
crossover hit when "Toy Story" boosted respect for the
role of computers in filmmal<ing.

45. Chris Hassett, President and CEO,
PointCast Inc.

Hassett was the first to recognize that the
easiest way to help people navigate the
Web is to send content directly to their
computer screens. But holding onto his
throne as the long of information push won't be so
easy, as media giants begin to cut out the middleman.

47. Halsey Minor, CEO, Cnet:
The Computer Network

In a time when pubhshing a Web 'zine
entails hiring dozens of serfs, slapping up
a site and bleeding cash, Minor has made
Cnet an Internet staple. He's practical,
too: Rather than spew out a new search engine Hke
HotWired, he adopted all the existing ones.

S48. Tim Berners-Lee, Director, W3
Consortium, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
Lofty job descriptions abound at MIT, and
Bemers-Lee's is no exception: He's been
charged with helping the Web "realize its
full potential" since hopping across the pond from
Europe in 1994. He's credited v\rith being the first per-
son to "conceptualize" the Web.

49. Pam Edstrom, Principal, Waggoner
Edstrom

Pay serious attention to that woman
behind the curtain. As Microsoft expands
and devours new markets — especially the
Internet, with its defiant, Microsoft-
hating populace — PR queen Esdtrom vwll play a vital
role in promoting Gates' visionary standing and the
Justice Department's good faith.

50. George Gilder, President, Gilder
Technology Group

You can't move in the high-tech industry
without tripping over the mental mean-
derings of this prolific, right-wing cyber-
prognosticator. Diehard fans read Forbes
ASAP for installments of his forthcoming book on
the future of telecommunications, Telecosm, which
threatens to continue ad infinitum.

46. David
Ramsey/Beirne Associates

Headhunter to the stars, including fmi
Barksdale of Netscape and Robert Herbold
of Microsoft, Beime's latest major coup was
luring AT&T COO Alex Mandl to a startup
(with a salary, bonus and stock-option paclcage that
could eventually be worth hundreds of millions of dol-
lars, of which Beime gets a hefty chunl<).

51. Stewart Alsop, Partner, New
Enterprise Associates

Alsop has shed his killjoy throne for the
greener pastures of venture capital. He's
made a Living infhcting his wrath on the
best in the industry because they aren't
better than they are. It remains to be seen whether
his antagonism will lend itself to Fortune, where he's
penning a new column.

52. Mary Meeker, PC Software and
Hardware Analyst, Morgan Stanley

A key player in the Netscape IPO, Meeker,
along with coauthor Chris DuPuy, is the
first analyst to have a research report pub-
Hshed in book form. The Internet Report
(HarperCollins) is a veritable encyclopedia of the Inter-
net, from "cool sites" Hsts to competitive analyses.

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53. Dan Lynch, Chairman, CyberCash ln<.

First he brought you Interop; now he's
letting you blow your pocket change
on the Net. Lynch is one of the
kingpins of e-commerce, shaping the
way the financial behemoths will hit

the Net.

54. Irving Wladasky-Berger, General
^ Manager, Internet Division, IBM Corp.

0^j Not your typical Big Blue suit,
.'^J Wladasky-Berger was brought in to

||||P|p»' maneuver the lumbering Winnebago of

IBM bureaucracy through the speedy
hairpin turns of Internet business cycles. IBM
isn't a Ferarri Testarossa just yet, but Wladasky-
Berger's steering may just bring some agility back
to Armonk.

55. Carol Bartz, CEO and Chairman,
Autodesic inc.

Bartz IS high tech's supcrwoman — with-
out the spandex. Bartz leads a growing
pack of high-tech female execs with the
largest woman-run company in the busi-
ness. Her sphere of influence includes Clinton's
Export Council, boards from here to Timbuktu, and
the Stanford Business School.

t59. George Lucas, Chairman,
Lucasfilm Ltd.
If anyone can get Hollywood to slobber
more over Sihcon-based digital innova-
tions than over silicon breast implants,
Lucas is the man. He has long been push-
ing the technology envelope in the movie business.
With the release of the "Star Wars" prequel, we'll
witness the power of his fully operational digital
death star.

60. Jeff Berg, Chairman and CEO,
International Creative Management (KM)

When Michael Ovitz abandoned Creative
Artists Agency for the Disney presidency
in 1995, the media stopped caring where
he takes his power breakfasts. Brainy Berg,
knoMTi for pitting his agents against one another,
stepped in to fill that power-broker vacuum.

61. Jonathan Feiber, General Partner,
Mohr Davidow Ventures

A plucky youngster from Silicon
'^'aifti— Valley's Sand Hill Road, Feiber is one of

■^^ the up-and-coming venture capital

mafia. He has funded and is on the board
of a half-dozen startups, including PointCast,
CATS Software and Ipsilon.

56. Gary Reback, Partner, Wilson,
Sonsini, Goodrich and Rosati

Reback is the Anti-Gates of the legal
world, a hopeful trustbuster Uving in a
dark world in which Microsoft is Satan
and publications as powerful as the Wall
Street Journal axe mere "middlemen" paid to do its
bidding. Representing clients from Novell to
Netscape, he manages to get the Department of
Justice's ear.

r' 57. Dirk Ziff and Robert Ziff, Cochairmen,
Ziff Brothers Investments
Turning down daddy's publishing
empire, the young brothers Ziff (Dirk is
32, Robert is 30) are using some of their
proceeds from the Ziff-Davis sale to
finance startups, including Diva Communications
and NetGravity.

■■■■■j 62. Joseph Nacchio, President, Consumer
^^P^H Services Group, AT&T

Hg^ ^ ^ Nacchio, who's been at AT&.T for more

ZX > ,. than 25 years, is the hit man muscling in

||Mt^ I on the Baby Bells' territory. He vows he'U

do whatever it takes to build AT&.T's

market share, but will the telecom giant be able to

keep him on its side?

63. Stan Shih, Chairman and CEO,
The Acer Group

He doesn't have an Asian dynasty pedi-
gree, but that hasn't hindered Acer's
growth, and it's now among the top five
PC vendors worldwide. Shih has sculpt-
ed a manufacturing process that is both unique and
efficient, and melded the cultures of his Taiwan-
based company and its U.S. subsidiary with a
skilled hand.

58. John Markoff, West Coast
Correspondent, New York Times

Some refer to bad press m the Times as
getting "Markoffed" — that's how influ-
ential he is. Even a positive story on
Microsoft, delivered months after near-
ly identical stories in the trade press, can batter
the stock of rival Netscape.

a 64. Cristina Morgan, Managing Director,
Hambrecht & Quist
Morgan's not afraid to call the bluff of
the Internet hypsters. As head of invest-
ment-banking activities, Morgan taps
H&Q's finest for public offerings and
was one of the first people to publicly slam the
Great Internet IPO Overhype.

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■■■■J 65. Sherry Lansing, Chairman, Motion
^^I^H Pi<ture Group, Paramount Pictures

■ ^ ^H ^ '^h'^' boys' money can't buy a star on

^k ^^HH the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which

^^FvLM Lansing has in the bag — along with two

~" consecutive Best Picture Oscars while

head of Paramount Studios. Never underestimate the

power of Beavis and Butthead.

66. Chip Morris, Manager, T. Rowe Price
Science and Technology Fund

The recent rise of mutual funds as a
"safer" way for individuals to play the
stock market has propelled fund man-
agers to new heights of fame. Morris,
who heads one of the largest and most successful
funds, discovers high-tech stocks whose growth
matches the hype.

71. Sherry Turlcie, Professor of Sociology
of Science, Massachusetts Institute of

He — M Turkic lilies to get inside the heads of

^^pirj^ chronic Web sirrfers for a glimpse of what

makes Net nuts tick. Her sociological

approach to Internet-discourse analysis is gospel to

executives who want to understand the patterns and

habits of technology adopters.

■j^^H 72. Bill Joy, Cofounder and Vice President
HRPIH of Research, Sun Microsystems Inc.

HN| *'^ The second coming of Joy brought the
^^^:> jj world Java last year. Now, as the entire
9K1#^ software industry bends under the antici-
pation and expectations of Java's poten-
tial, Joy decides which parts of Java will reach devel-
opers and when.

t67. Frank Quattrone, CEO, Technology
Group, Deutsche Morgan Grenfell
Shaq went to L.A. and Franl<; Quattrone
went to DMG. Talk about slam-dimking
a serious signing fee ... Sihcon Valley's
premier free agent left Morgan Stanley
looking like a doughnut — without a center — and
recruited a venture capital Dream Team for the new
DeutscheBank undertaldng.

68. Linda Stone, Director, Virtual Worlds
Group, Microsoft

If cyberspace were the Love Boat, Lmda
would be the cruise-ship social director/
hostess-with-the-mostest. A friendly
Microsoft face, she brings together artists
and programmers to create technology that enhances
human interaction on the Net. So far, her group has
prodviced two chat services.

flHHHN 69. Roger McNamee, General
fFSfM Int^ral Capital Partners

' ™^ I McNamee is a venture capitalist in engi-

k *'"A» ^ neer's clothing. Breaking the spread-

I ttVfl sheet-jockey mold, he's one of the few

high-tech VCs who not only "gets" the

technology but likes it, roaming the conference

floors and actually reading the trades.

I^jtfjfe^ 70. Pat McGovern, Founder and
^^HP^^ Chairman, International Data Group

^^^Jt You may not remember life before the
^B^EW Internet, but McGovern's been publish-
■^^Pj^^ mg computer rags since the '50s. Like
an old Irish sailor, he's sailed the chop-
py seas of the IT industry at the helm of IDG,
steering his company to revenues of $1.4 billion
last year.

t73. Bill Gross, Chairman and Founder,
Knowledge Adventure
The Henry Ford of startup creation. Gross
founded Idealab to mass-produce fledgling
companies. With a flowchart to map cor-
porate development. Gross has nearly 20
companies incubating, including the CitySearch
regional information venture.

t74. Geoff Moore, President and Founder,
The Chasm Group
When high-tech execs need help position-
ing their companies to take advantage of
! the new paradigms they've created, they
turn to Moore. His books, Crossing the
Chasm and hiside the Tornado, have become bibles
of sorts for the heavies he advises.

75. Michael Milken, Felon/M & A Advisor

Call him a junk-bond robber baron or a
tmancial innovator, but Milken was
rustling up cash for shaky technology
and media companies when unadven-
turous East Coast investors were still
stuck in the Industrial Age. Nannygate's Kimba
Wood felled the westward giant for a while, but
he's served his time. Now he's back to pick the
next market-altering trends.

76.

Directors, America Online's Motley Fool

Wall Street can no longer claim a
monopoly on rumor mongering and
opinion making, thanks to the
Gardner brothers. Anonymous, bearish postings to a
Motley Fool Iomega forum in late 1995 caused a furor
among buUish investors. The SEC is still trying to
figure that one out.

UPSIDE DECEMBEI

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A world-class electronics infrastructure.

Everything your company needs is in place in
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more. Scottish suppli- 61^1^.
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too. According to Ian
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Scottish electronics infrastructure is outstanding A sig-
nificant proportion of our procurement is done locally
working closely with a wide range of suppliers.
Ultimately, this means a stronger, more competitive
IBM in the European, Middle Eastern and African
markets we seive."

An ample supply of skilled labor.

Chris Galvin, President and COO of Motorola,
cites Scotland's highly skilled workers as one rea-
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and expertise of the people in Scotland mean
we can look forward to a marvelous future hiere."

Scotland is also working to ensure tfiat future
includes a good selection of recruits. Each year,
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Excellent access to global markets.

Exports from Scotland are up 30% in the last two
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Over 450 electronics companies are
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Jhs material is prepared by Al Paul Lefton Company, 1 00 Independence Mall West Philadelphia, PA 191 06, which is registered with the Department of Justice, Washington D. C, under the Foreign Agents
Registration Act as an agent of Locate in Scotland Glasgow, Scotland This material is filed with the Department of Justice where the registration statement is available for public inspection Registration doe
indicate approval of the contents of the material by the United States government

77. Jim Breyer, Managing General
Partner, A«el Partners

^ T Bivvcr's nctWDiking specialty keeps his
) ventiue capital firm on top of the Internet
space. Big p;irtncrships he's responsihle
for inckide CentilHon and Bay Networks,
Centrum and 3Com, ;md Collabra and Netscape.

78. Richard Shaffer, Principal,
Technologic Partners

Teclinok)gic sponsors some of the indus-
try's hottest events, where private compa-
nies cruise the catwalk to impress venture
capitalists and investment bankers. The
conferences may have lost some of their buzz lately,
but they're still the place to find the next hot EPO. Shaf-
fer also heads a newsletter with uncommon insight.

a 83. Robert Metcalfe, Columnist,
infoWorld Publishing Company
Metealte roped in this year's IEEE Medal
of Honor — essentially, electrical engineer-
ing's Nobel Prize — for his invention of
Ethernet. He has turned to column writ-
ing, maldng a splash playing the Net's Chicken Little
("The Internet is crashing!").

84. Jeff Bezos, Founder and CEO,
Amazon.com

Look Ma, no inventory! Bezos left Wall
Street to found his Seattle startup in 1994,
and hasn't looked back since. Selling
books from a Web site may not be much

more than sophisticated mail order, but it's Internet

commerce that works.

f79. Mory Ejabat, President and CEO,
Ascend Communications Inc.
Aseend's stock has shot up so high so
fast — with triple-digit increases — Ejabat
has a permanent nosebleed. With
Aseend's products tapped by both US
West and Bell Atlantic, Ejabat's not likely to float
back to earth anytime soon.

80. Pattie Maes, Assistant Professor, MIT
Media Laboratory, and Cofounder, Firefly

A pioneer in intelligent-agent technology,
Maes began at MIT's Artificial In-
telligence Lab but later defected to
Nicholas Negroponte's younger, hipper
Media Lab, which spun Firefly out of her work.
Firefly is now the agent company with whom every-
body wants to partner.

81. Tom Proulx, Cofounder, Intuit Inc.
and Cochairman, Taxpayers Against
Frivolous Lawsuits

Tom Proulx is trying to save your shirt
from the snapping jaws of shareholder
lawsuits. Not content to rest on
Quicken's laurels, Proulx is in attack mode against
the vicious beast that is an unchecked legal profes-
sion— he's fimd-raising, petitioning and campaigning
the hell out of tort reform.

npMH 82. Danny Hillis, Vice President of
W aB Research and Development, The

a / -aH Hillis cofounded Thinking Machines,
f l£,,^^l where he designed the massively parallel
"connection machine." He later left the
company, but not before making a name as one of the
computer industry's deep thinkers. He's now navel-
gazing for Disney.

a 85. Kim Edwards, President and CEO,
Iomega Corp.
Edwards pulled Iomega out of its slump
and achieved a rare takeoff of a new tech-
nology and format. His company stole the
personal-storage market out from under
SyQuest's nose in 1996, selling more than 1 million
Zip drives in less than a year.

W J^ 86. Walter Mossberg, Columnist,
f ^^A| Wall Street Journal

(^^y\iM Masquerading as a friendly advice col-
"' umn for end users, Mossberg's weekly
Personal Technology column is one of
the first places product managers should
look after launch to see if they'll still have a job the
next morning.

87. Michael Stonebraker, Vice President
and CTO, Informix Software Inc., and
Professor, U.C. Berkeley

Computer-science professor Stonebraker
is the father of the relational-database
industry; he recently gave Informix a new
lease on life when it bought his latest startup, Ulustra
Information Technologies. Stonebraker's universal
server (don't tell Oracle we called it that) stores and
sorts multimedia content.

88. Paul Saffo, Director,
Institute for the Future

A who's who list of business leaders
makes regular pilgrimages to the insti-
^jJS tute's door seeking answers from this
guru of new information technologies.
But Saffo's feet are planted firmly on terra firma
when he analyzes the impact of new products and
technologies — not just on the business commu-
nity, but on society as a whole.

DECEMBER 1996 UPSIDE

U|9siclG^s Eli*4

89. Rob Glaser, CEO and founder.
Progressive Networks Inc.

Glaser recognized the opportunity for
then-untapped sound technologies on the
Web, plastered the RealAudio name on any
Web site and cHent worth its multimedia
status, and captured the Internet sound market before
competitors got a chance to put an ear in the door.

90. Brenda Laurel, Researcher,
Interval Research Corp.

In the '70s, Laurel leaped from theater to
computer-game design; today she's stdl
taldng intellectual leaps in her work on
human-machine interface design, virtual
reality and inteUigent agents. Interval may be a
money sinlc for Paul Allen, but Laurel does valuable
work, consistently bringing a humanistic approach
to virtual environments.

91. Erk I
President and CEO, 3Com Corp.

The thorn in Cisco's paw, 3Com's soft-
spoken leader has single-handedly kept
3Com in the networking game through
savvy acquisitions, preventmg his chief

rival from developing a Microsoft/Intel-hke monopo-

hstic dominance.

92. Kevin Kelly, Executive Editor, Wired

We're still not sure who anointed Wiied
the official magazine of the digital revolu-
tion, but the loudest magazine of the '90s
owes its inspiration to Kelly, a born-again
Christian and hawker for Absolut Vodl<;a.
His far-flung ideas, many of which revolve around
the increasingly biological nature of technology, are a
Wired staple.

93. Pom Alexander, President and
Founder, Alexander Communications Inc.

Alexander is not an object at rest. Her
almost-frantic pace has allowed her to
dodge highly padded corporate PR
accounts for a vibrant group of small
emerging chents. Plus, Alexander channels that hus-
tle into actual account work, rather than just snatch-
ing accounts for her minions to execute.

94. Les Alberthal, President and CEO,
Electronic Data Systems Corp.

Want to run an airline but recoil in horror
at the thought of instaUing and maintaining
a reservations system? Call EDS. Alberthal
freed EDS from its General Motors prison
and pushed its one-stop-shopping approach to the lead-
ing edge of information system services.

S95.
MUropro<essor Report
When Slater speaks, the microprocessor
world listens. An engineer with real
opinions and knowledgeable sources,
Slater is the most well-respected techni-
cal analyst in semiconductors, although his
newsletter did start that rumor about download-
able microcode in Intel chips.

EWM 96. Andrew Klein, Founder and President,
^ Wit Capital Corp.
CtI Klein brewed up a storm when he put his
M Spring Street Brewing Co. prospectus on
'JM the Net. Now he's started Wit Capital to
help companies do direct Internet IPOs
and bypass brokers' fees — an idea that tastes great but
is less filling. All he's missing is the end product.

^pJjPM ! 97. Stewart Brand, Cofounder,
*^^^^. Global Business Network

"i"%- ' ^1 Brand, who started the Whole Earth
S^ >^M Catalog, brings black turtlenecks and
berets to Net consulting. His high-tech
consulting troupe — count in Esther Dyson,
Doug Carlston and Danny Hilhs — tosses around big
ideas on sponsor-selected topics. Brand continues to
anticipate society's acceptance of technology.

■■■■■I 98. Michael Dell, Chairman and CEO,
HHIH Dell Computer Corp.

I -K:^P After a nasty bout of retail sickness, a
healthier, more mature Dell (the compa-
ny) has emerged along with a happier,
more mature Dell (the CEO). The compa-
ny has moved back to its direct-mad roots and is
once again at the top of the PC business.

,^ 99. Allee Willis, Partner, Willisville

And you thought the 'Triends" theme

^ - il song was catchy; wait until a more recent

1 ^' J\ 1 WiUis creation hits the Net. Her on-line

.^k 1^^ community, Willisville, is anticipated to

take the yawn out of multimedia.

WiUisville has already caught the eye of Intel, which

may or may not be bacldng it.

•

100. Brewster Kahle, President,
Internet Archives

The Internet of today may be chock-full of
useless bits, but to archeologists of the
future it will provide a wealth of infor-
mation, thanlcs to Kahle, another Thinl<ing
Machines alum and an early developer of Internet pub-
hshing technology. It's a messy job, but somebody's got
to do it. ■

Tish Williams and Kora McNaughton an; assistant editors of Upside,

UPSIDE DECEMBER 1996

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THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 22. 1996

Departure by Sears Signals Change in On-Line Industry

ContimedFtom First Business Page

I research xompa-
Internet and on-
"The breakneck
pace of innovation will lead to lower
prices and more variety."

And what happens if your on-line
company should change owners or
■ altogether? "I don't think

long-term strategy for growth," Ar-

chief executive of the world's sec-
ond-largest retailer, lold financial
analysts in New York yesterday.

Executives from both Sears and
l.B.M. praised-the evolution of Prod-
igy under its chief executive. Ed-
ward Binnett. a former cable TV

hired last year by Prodigy. Mr. Ben-
nett made Prodigy the first of the big
on-line services to offpr its spbscrib-

companies," Mr. Schoenfeld
"If your company goes out of

puter commands to a point-and-click
navigational system.

Since 1993, when the Internet's
World Wide Web service suddenly
became popular, analysts have been
suggesting that the wide-open, global
Web would overtake and overwhelm
the smaller, proprietary services
like CompuServe and Prodigy. The
consumer services differ from the
Internet in that they require special
software, unique to each service, to
tap into that service's private data
bases of news, features, discussion
groups and other onTline offerings,
b, though, many

Even \

analysts say the Internet is still too
difficult to use. Services like Prod-
igy, CompuServe and America On-
line hide the Internet's complexity

ware and back it with c

port systems that the Internet lacks.

"We remain convinced that the
most compelling choice for the mass
market consumer is still on-hne
services." Brian C. Oakes, an ana-
lyst with J. P. Morgan Securities
Inc., wrote to itivestors last month.

Sears's decision to sell Prodigy
may be partly to capitahze on the
potentially high value that an on-line

system might command in the mar-
ketplace today. It is also, however,
the culmination of a three-year pro-
gram to return to its retailing roots.
Sears has ah-eady spun. off Allstate
and Dean Witter Discover & Compa-
ny, its former insurance and finan-
cial services subsidiaries, and even
sold the Sears Tower building in
Chicago. Selling Prodigy is the last
step in that process.

i three-hour meeting with i

speaking to reporter:

I, Mr. I

lalysts

Martinez did

not make a single reference l„ ^.^^
tronic commerce, which many con-
panies believe is going to emerge a
a multibillion-dollar business by th
end of the decade. Mr. Martinez sai
that he had concluded that Sear
could better spend its capital on n

were to become involved in selling
over the Internet, it would be better
for the company not to be tied to a
single service like Prodigy.

Sears, like H & R Block, may also
be eager to unload its on-line venture
in what has become an increasingly
hostile legal environment. Prodigy
was sued for $200 million last year
by a Long Island investment bank
that accused it of libel, based on
comments posted on the service by a
subscriber. The suit was dropped.

But certainly, the on-line lineup is
in flux. Since the beginning of this
year. Rupert Murdoch's News Cor-
poration has effectively shelved
what was left of the former Delphi
on-line service; AT&T has pulled the
plug on its Interchange Network; the
General Electric Company has un-
loaded its Genie service; Apple
Computer Inc. said it was re-evalu-
ating its support for eWorld, and the
Microsoft Corporation told develop-
ers of information services for its
Microsoft Network to redirect thelr_ ^

Falling Behind

Neither CompuServe nor
Prodigy has been able tc
match America Online's
growth. Percentage inert

efforts and create offerings for the
World Wide Web.

Analysts cite a variety of reasons
for the tumult, including intense
competition, the high cost of develop-

cess providers who bypass consum-
er services like Prodigy and Amer-
ica Online, and recent passage of the
Telecommunications Act of 1996.

"It's not a coincidence that these
announcements happened right af-
ter the passage of the telecom bill,"
said Rod Kuckro, editor of the Infor-

port, a newsletter based in Washing-
ton. "It gave a lot of companies the
ability to start planning for the fu-

The Telecommunications Act, re-
cently signed by President Clinton,
allows the big telephone and commu-
nications companies to expand be-
yond their traditional businesses and
begin developing their own on-line
information services.

"It's cheaper to buy a system with
established customers than it is ti
build one from scratch, and the onh
companies that can afford to buy J
stake in these on-line services am
develop their infrastructure are thi
big telecom companies," Mr. Kuckn
said.

Mr. Kuckro also noted the attrac
live demographic profiles of on-lim
service subscribers, who tend to bi

"Prodigy does not fit into Sears's

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22. 1996

Sears Moves
To Shed Stake
In Prodigy

The On-Line Business
Is Takit^ a New Shape

By PETER H.LEWIS

And now it is Prodigy's turn.

In the latest sign of upheaval in the
computer on-line industry, Prodigy Serv-
ices, the nation's third-largest consumer
on-line information service was put up for
sale yesterday — at least the half that is
owned by Sears, Roebuc'k & Company.
I.B.M., Sears's longtime partner in Prod-
igy, declined to comment on its own plans
for the service, which has 1.7 million sub-
scribers.

Sears's move came just a day after
H & R Block Inc. announced it planned to
spin off its CompuServe division, the sec-
ond-largest service.

It might seem odd that these market
leaders would want to leave the field, in
light of phenomenal growth that saw total
on-line subscribers in the United States
nearly double last year, to 1 1 .3 million. But
wkh the market booming, analysts say,
now may be the best time to sell out for
companies not fully committed to the in-
creasingly competitive and volatile busi-
ness of putting consumers in cyberspace.

Sears, which analysts say had pumped
about $600 million into Prodigy, indicated
yesterday that it remained a retailer first
and foremost, and H & R Block said on
Tuesday that it wanted to focus on its tax-
return business.

America Online Inc., the country's larg-
est on-line service with more than five
million subscribers, has no other lines of
business. But even it has been forced to
scramble full-time to keep up with the
needs of increasingly sophisticated, ever
more demanding consumers. Among other
changes, America Online recently set up a
separate company to provide direct con-
nections to the global Internet for sub-
scribers who choose to bypass America
Online's own, proprietary lineup of infor-
mation and entertainment services, dis-
cussion groups and other offerings. As
hardly a week goes by without a new
alliance, acquisition or rumor of yet an-
other change in the on-line industry, ana-
lysts acknowledge that the millions of
Americans with computers and modems
could become confused. But the upheaval,
driven by competition, will ultimately be
good for consumers, many analysts say.

"There's an ever-increasing number of
options for consumers, in both the on-line
services and the Internet," said Adam
Schoenfeld, vice president of Jupiter Com-

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